R–CSS: A clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in patients with cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Toward a holistic understanding of cancer cachexia: Application of the human response to illness model

“…Research has identified the interaction or “cross-talk” between factors released by bone (osteokines) and skeletal muscle (myokines) in the context of cachexia that contribute to musculoskeletal pathology. 83 Further work to better understand this biochemical signaling activity may provide the foundation for future research targeting myokine and osteokine activity to help preserve bone and muscle in cachectic cancer patients. 84 …”

“… 2 has been undertaken. 87 , 88 For example, the Radiotherapy Cachexia Staging Score has been developed for use with patients undergoing radiotherapy. 87 While able to delineate phases of cachexia, future research is needed to address study limitations of heterogeneity of cancer types and treatments received and the lack of longitudinal data.…”