R-mode factor analysis applied to the distribution of elements in soils from the Aydın basin, Turkey

Kumru, Mehmet N.; Bakaç, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(02)00271-6

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, factor and principal component analyses (FA and PCA) have been widely used to reveal variable redundancy, and combine variables into single factors (Wilcke et al 1998;Chen et al 1999;Kumru and Bakac 2003;Navas and Machin 2002;Bretzel and Calderisi 2006). Cluster analysis (CA) is often coupled to FA and PCA to provide groupings of individual variables according to distances or similarity indices (Facchinelli et al 2001;Granero and Domingo 2002;Manta et al 2002;Wang et al 2005;Han et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated heavy metal concentrations in top soils of an Aegean island town (Greece): total and available forms, origin and distribution

Massas

Ehaliotis

Gerontidis

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Elevated heavy metal concentrations in urban top soils are principal indicators of environmental pollution; however, relative data on the heavy metal status in soils of Greek island towns, that are regional administrative centers and popular tourist destinations, are missing. A survey was conducted to examine heavy metal concentrations in the urban soils of Ermoupolis, the capital of Syros island and of the prefecture of Cyclades complex in the Aegean Sea. Total (aqua-regia extracted) and available (DTPA extracted) concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Sn and Fe were determined in top soil samples collected from green areas and open spaces of the town and in surface samples from inland reference soils of the island. Mean values for the aqua-regia extracted fraction of Cu, Pb and Zn were 117, 155 and 440 mg kg(-1) respectively, up to four times higher than the respective mean values of the reference soils. Enrichment factors (EFs) for these metals indicated high accumulation in the urban top soils and the available to total concentration ratio of Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe was higher for the urban compared to the reference soils, suggesting differences in metal sequestration, resulting in higher metal availability in the urban soils. GIS analysis was used to visualize the spatial distribution of EFs of the studied heavy metals. Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, applied to aqua-regia and DTPA data sets, adequately elucidated the origin of metals grouped under each factor or cluster.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated heavy metal concentrations in top soils of an Aegean island town (Greece): total and available forms, origin and distribution

Massas

Ehaliotis

Gerontidis

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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show abstract

“…Although single-and two-variable statistical deductions can be valid, statistical deductions based on multivariate analysis have more validity. Factor analysis is one of the multivariate statistical methods which are used as a functional tool for the analysis of exploration data in stream geochemical data interpretation (Borovec 1996;Helvoort et al 2005;Kumru and Bakac 2003;Reimann et al 2002;Shamseddin Meigoony et al 2013;Sun et al 2009;Yousefi et al 2012Yousefi et al , 2014. As a result, factor analysis is a suitable method for reduction of geochemical data dimension with factor score calculation instead of using principal data (Yousefi et al 2012).…”

Section: Stepwise Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation of Cu prospects utilizing multifractal modeling and stepwise factor analysis in Noubaran 1:100,000 sheet, Center of Iran

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study is to separate and subsequently determine geochemical anomalies for exploration of Cu mineralization in Noubaran 1:100,000 sheet, situated in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt, Center of Iran. To do this, stepwise factor analysis and also a Concentration-Number (C-N) fractal modeling were used. Stepwise factor analysis can be effective in exact recognition of reciprocal genetic correlation between elements and data classification based on distinct elements associated with the studied deposit. Accordingly, after applying four steps of factorization, all the noise elements which had no role in the formation of geochemical processes were eliminated, and finally, factor score of Bi, Ag, and Cu were calculated. A C-N log-log plot for factor scores were plotted, and five threshold values were determined in order to delineate mineral potential maps of the target elements. The designated regions on the mineral potential map are in the NE, S, more limited in the SE, and the central parts of the area which show clear correlation with alteration zones. Field observation, mineralographical and petrographical studies of the polished and thin sections, and also AAS, ICP-MS, XRD analyses indicate pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, and bornite mineralizations are associated with sub-volcanic and intrusive rocks. Considering the evidence, it can be deduced that the effect of the postmagmatic fluids on Eocene pyroclastic units has led to the creation of the alterations and sulfide mineralized siliceous vein-veinlet.

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“…Principal component (factor) analysis was applied to the geochemical data in order to reduce the number of variables (element concentrations) to a number of main factors and assist the interpretation of data (J€ oreskog et al, 1976;Brejda, 1998;Cattle et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2002;Reimann et al, 2002;Kumru and Bakaç, 2003;Tripathy et al, 2005). Factor loading of the principal factors and eigenvalues of the respective factor scores were calculated and the factor scores are shown in Tables 20.4 and 20.5 for the Tallinn region and for urban Tallinn, respectively.…”

Section: Principal Components Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Geochemistry of Tallinn (Estonia): Major and Trace‐Elements Distribution in Topsoil

Bityukova

Birke

2011

Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas

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R-mode factor analysis applied to the distribution of elements in soils from the Aydın basin, Turkey

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Elevated heavy metal concentrations in top soils of an Aegean island town (Greece): total and available forms, origin and distribution

Elevated heavy metal concentrations in top soils of an Aegean island town (Greece): total and available forms, origin and distribution

Delineation of Cu prospects utilizing multifractal modeling and stepwise factor analysis in Noubaran 1:100,000 sheet, Center of Iran

Urban Geochemistry of Tallinn (Estonia): Major and Trace‐Elements Distribution in Topsoil

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