Rabies in Mozambique

Dias, P. T.; Novoa, Abel; Cliff, Julie

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_54

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The Africa 1b RABV variants, which include the canid variant of southern Africa [42,44], also clustered together. The genetic relationship between the RABV lineages in this study strengthens the evidence for the historical introduction of rabies to the sub-region and Mozambique in the late 1950s [59]. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that rabies viruses currently circulating in the country are very closely related, considering that the Mozambican viruses are grouped (in clades I and II) with those from the neighbouring countries (along the borders of Zimbabwe and South Africa).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In Mozambique, similar to other African countries, rabies is an endemic disease and a significant veterinary and public health problem that was first recognised in the early 1900s [6]. It is especially problematic in remote areas where diagnostic laboratory facilities and diagnostic capacity are generally lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is especially problematic in remote areas where diagnostic laboratory facilities and diagnostic capacity are generally lacking. Furthermore, a shortage of qualified personnel and insufficient medical and veterinary infrastructure compound the problem, leading to gross under-reporting of the disease [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies Virus Seroprevalence among Dogs in Limpopo National Park and the Phylogenetic Analyses of Rabies Viruses in Mozambique

et al. 2022

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Rabies is considered a neglected disease among many developing Asian and African countries, including Mozambique, where its re-emergence is often attributed to low dog parenteral vaccination coverage. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to assess the level of antibodies against rabies virus in dogs (n = 418) in Limpopo National Park (LNP), and (2) to genetically characterise selected rabies viruses from brain tissue samples collected in 2017 and 2018. To meet the first objective, we used the BioProTM Rabies blocking ELISA antibody kit, and the results were expressed as the percentage of blocking (%PB). Dog sera with PB ≥ 40% were considered positive for antibodies to rabies virus, whereas sera with PB < 40% were negative. Just under ninety percent (89.2%; n = 373) of dogs were seronegative, and the rest (10.8%; n = 45) had detectable levels of rabies virus-specific antibodies. All eight brain tissue samples were positive for rabies virus antigen using a direct fluorescent antibody test and amplified in a quantitative real-time PCR, but only five (n = 4 from dogs and n = 1 from a cat) were amplified in a conventional reverse-transcription PCR targeting partial regions of the nucleoprotein (N) and the glycoprotein (G) genes. All samples were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetically, the rabies viruses were all of dog origin and were very closely related to each other (Africa 1b rabies virus lineage). Furthermore, the sequences had a common progenitor with other rabies viruses from southern Africa, confirming the transboundary nature of rabies and the pivotal role of dogs in maintaining rabies cycles. The study demonstrates the principal application of the BioProTM rabies ELISA antibody for the detection of anti-lyssavirus-specific antibodies in the serum samples of dogs, and most importantly, it highlights the low levels of antibodies against rabies virus in this dog population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies Virus Seroprevalence among Dogs in Limpopo National Park and the Phylogenetic Analyses of Rabies Viruses in Mozambique

et al. 2022

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“…Similar observations were reported from a previous epidemiological study of rabies in northern South Africa (Zulu 2007, Zulu et al 2009). The areas in Mpumalanga where rabies remains uncontrolled are bordered by Mozambique and Swaziland along the east and KwaZulu Natal province in the south, and all these are also rabies endemic (Dlamini 2001, Dias and Rodrigues 2003, Coetzee and Nel 2007. Given the porous nature of African borders, the exchange of the RABV between vector species from Mpumalanga province and those in the neighboring countries is expected to be fairly frequent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Emergence of Dog Rabies in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Mkhize

Ngoepe

Plessis³

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Dog rabies has commonly been associated with the eastern and southern border areas in Mpumalanga province, and the Nkomazi district in the east has been most affected. In other parts of the province, canid rabies has been under control for many years; however, in 2008, dog rabies spread to other parts of the province and resulted in a widespread outbreak. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize rabies viruses in an attempt to determine the source of this recent outbreak. Fifty-five rabies viruses were recovered from domestic dogs between 2000 and 2008 from Mpumalanga province and bordering areas. The viruses were characterized through nucleotide sequencing of the cytoplasmic domain of the glycoprotein gene and the G-L intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and those previously characterized from Mpumalanga province and neighboring countries and provinces clearly supported the placement of the viruses from the current outbreak and those from Nkomazi district in one lineage. This demonstrated that the recent emergence of rabies in Mpumalanga province resulted from the spread of rabies from Nkomazi district. A comparative analysis demonstrated close genetic relationships among rabies viruses from Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, Swaziland, and Mozambique. Findings from this investigation have shown that rabies continues to pose a definite public health threat in South Africa, a situation similar to other African countries.

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“…From 1978 until 1982, the mean annual incidence of rabies in Mozambique was 0.2/100000 inhabitants with a total of 123 cases registered. Tete was the province with more human rabies cases notified (22 cases) and Niassa with fewer cases (four cases) [14]. Few years later, the number of human rabies notifications sharply increased in the country [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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BackgroundNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions.Main textMozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified.ConclusionsThis review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.

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Rabies in Mozambique

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Rabies Virus Seroprevalence among Dogs in Limpopo National Park and the Phylogenetic Analyses of Rabies Viruses in Mozambique

Rabies Virus Seroprevalence among Dogs in Limpopo National Park and the Phylogenetic Analyses of Rabies Viruses in Mozambique

Re-Emergence of Dog Rabies in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

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