Race is not ethnicity.

Helms, Janet E.; Talleyrand, Regine M.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.11.1246

Cited by 119 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Phinney (1996) argued that ethnicity subsumes race and that ethnicity and race should be combined into a superordinate construct. However, Helms and Talleyrand (1997) argued that race is not ethnicity and that race has a clear meaning in psychology and American society whereas ethnicity is ill-defined and remains a proxy for racial classification. Accordingly, race and ethnicity need to be treated as related yet separate constructs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial(ized) Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Afrocentric Values: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Understanding African American Identity.

Cokley¹

2005

Journal of Counseling Psychology

131

116

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A survey of the literature reveals that there is conceptual confusion and inconsistent and sometimes inappropriate usage of the terms racial identity, ethnic identity, and Afrocentric values. This study explored the extent to which Black racial(ized) identity attitudes were related to ethnic identity and Afrocentric cultural values. Two hundred and one African American college students attending a predominantly White university or a historically Black university completed the Cross Racial Identity Scale (B. J. Vandiver et al., 2000), the Nadanolitization Scale (J. Taylor & C. Grundy, 1996), the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (J. S. Phinney, 1992), and the Africentrism Scale (C. Grills & D. Longshore, 1996). Results of a canonical correlation indicated 2 significant orthogonal roots that were labeled a nonracialized ethnic identity and a racialized ethnic identity. The results suggest important similarities and differences among the various identity constructs. Implications for racial and ethnic identity research and Afrocentric research are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial(ized) Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Afrocentric Values: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Understanding African American Identity.

Cokley¹

2005

Journal of Counseling Psychology

131

116

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“…The literature in psychology offers many definitions and conceptualizations of racial and cultural terms (Phinney, 1996;Helms, 1997). Thus, the first aim of this study was to clarify the extent to which race-related research could be enhanced by distinguishing it from culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Cartman¹,

Watts²,

Armstrong³

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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There are myriad definitions of the terms race, ethnicity and culture in social sciences literature. Often these terms are used interchangeably with no conceptual rationale. This study aims to contribute to our greater understanding of the similarities and differences between the conceptualization and use of race and culture as they are experienced by African American adolescents. Multiple regression analyses and factor analysis were conducted for 223 African American high school aged students who completed a survey about racial and ethnic identity and a variety of positive youth development outcomes. Results showed preliminary support for race and culture being distinguishable yet intricately related. Results are also presented that compares the relationship of either a racial or cultural orientation on various youth development outcomes.

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“…In addition to the disagreements on the relative importance of race, there are competing definitions and constructs of race and ethnicity (Casas, 1984;Cokley, 2005;Cook & Helms, 1988;Helms & Talleyrand, 1997;Phinney, 1996;Ponterotto & Park-Taylor, 2007;Umaña-Taylor et al, 2014). Helms and Talleyrand (1997) argued individuals receive differential treatment based on physical appearance not culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helms and Talleyrand (1997) argued individuals receive differential treatment based on physical appearance not culture. Alternately, Phinney (1996) believed race is the less clear concept because of a lack of consensus on usage and meaning, and that ethnicity includes race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Conceptualizing Race and Racial Identity Development Within an Attractor Landscape

Hill

2017

Sage Open

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Concepts, theories, and findings of race and racial identity development were reviewed and conceptualized into a single model based on principles of complexity and chaos. This article proposes race can be understood as a complex adaptive system and conceptualized as an attractor landscape. In this model, trajectories represent racial identity development or progression through an attractor landscape comprised of racial categories. Although this works well as a conceptual model, the modeling of racial identity development within an attractor landscape is affected by practical constraints related to data collection and many of the same limitations of existing racial identity development theories. The proposed model also creates additional challenges because of its interdisciplinary nature.

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Race is not ethnicity.

Cited by 119 publications

References 13 publications

Racial(ized) Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Afrocentric Values: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Understanding African American Identity.

Racial(ized) Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Afrocentric Values: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Understanding African American Identity.

Exploring the Role of Culture and Race in African American Adolescents

Toward Conceptualizing Race and Racial Identity Development Within an Attractor Landscape

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