Racial bias in driver yielding behavior at crosswalks

Goddard, Tara; Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian; Adkins, Arlie

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.06.002

Cited by 74 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In short, cyclists may share aspects of the experience of minority groups. There is evidence of discriminatory treatment (e.g., yielding behaviour at crosswalks) and disproportionate safety outcomes (e.g., overrepresentation in pedestrian-vehicle collisions) for individuals belonging to ethnic minorities (Goddard, Kahn, & Adkins, 2015;Mather & DeLucia, 2007). Although the notion that cyclists comprise a minority group comparable to more obvious CYCLISTS AS MINORITY GROUP 4 minorities (racial, ethnic, and religious minorities) was never articulated, Granville, Rait, Barber, and Laird (2001) investigated the extent to which cyclists were seen as being equal or unequal to other road users.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cyclists as a minority group?

Prati

Puchades

Pietrantoni

2017

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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In the social science, several definitions of minority group can be found. The definitions include different aspects such as power/status, number, distinctiveness, social category, group context, dispositions, and discrimination. Compared to motorized road users, cyclists are considered vulnerable road users because they lack physical protection. We argue that such definition does not capture the social and cultural aspects that characterize the membership within the group of cyclists. We offer arguments and reflections based on recent literature advocating that cyclists may share some features of the experience of minority groups. Although cyclists differ from other minorities in important respects, they manifest many of the characteristics by which minority groups are defined.

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confidence: 99%

Cyclists as a minority group?

Prati

Puchades

Pietrantoni

2017

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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“…15 Another possible factor includes racial bias, which has been found in driver yielding behavior at crosswalks. [16][17][18] Access to transportation is a recognized social determinant of health, but disparities and inequities in transportation access and safety have largely been overlooked, despite having important rami cations related to health and well-being (access to food, jobs, etc.). 19 The persistence and variety of health outcomes which demonstrate racial disparity indicate that the focus of prevention would best be placed at the population-level and on systems-based factors, rather than at the individual level or on issues related to race/ethnicity directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States

Hamann

Peek‐Asa

Butcher

2020

Preprint

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Background. Racial/ethnic disparity has been documented in a wide variety of health outcomes, and environmental components are contributors. For example, food deserts have been tied to obesity rates. Pedestrian injuries are strongly tied to environmental factors, yet no studies have examined racial disparity in pedestrian injury rates. We examine a nationally-representative sample of pedestrian-related hospitalizations in the United States to identify differences in incidence, severity, and cost by race/ethnicity.Methods. Patients with ICD diagnosis E-codes for pedestrian injuries were drawn from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2016). Rates were calculated using the United States Census. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression were used to examine characteristics (age, sex, severity of illness, mortality rates, hospital admissions, length of stay, total costs) associated with hospitalizations for pedestrian injuries.Results. The burden of injury from pedestrian-related hospitalizations was higher among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other groups in terms of admission rates, costs per capita, proportion of children injured, and length of stay compared to Whites and Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicities. Compared to Whites, hospital admission rates were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89-1.94) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19-1.21) times higher for Multiracial/Other and Blacks, respectively. Costs per capita ($USD) were $6.30, $4.14, and $3.22 for Multiracial/Others, Blacks, and Hispanics, compared to $2.88 and $2.32 for Whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Proportion of lengths of stay exceeding one week were larger for Blacks (26.4%), Hispanics (22.6%), Asian or Pacific Islanders (23.1%), and Multiracial/Other (24.1%), compared to Whites (18.6%). Extreme and major loss of function proportions were also highest among Black (34.5%) and lowest among Whites (30.2%).Discussion. Results from this study show racial disparities in pedestrian injury hospitalization rates and outcomes, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other race/ethnicity groups and support population and system-level approaches to prevention. Access to transportation is an indicator for health disparity, and these results indicate that access to safe transportation also shows inequity by race/ethnicity.

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“…High crime rates and vacant housing may also impede walking [44]. African-American pedestrians, who are more likely to live in low-income neighborhoods, experience racial biases from drivers, including drivers taking longer times before yielding [45,46]. African Americans and Native Americans have significantly higher rates of pedestrian fatalities than Whites in 42 states and Washington, DC [47], and more bicyclists choose to ride in areas that feature slower traffic speeds, dedicated bicycle lanes, and separation from other traffic [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Personalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting There

Dillahunt

Veinot

2018

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.

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Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) offer new opportunities for addressing transportation needs; however, past research suggests that opportunities are not equally shared by millions of low-income Americans. We draw from four empirical studies and two case studies to contribute descriptions of the 11 everyday transportation models currently used by residents of low-income and underserved communities to enhance their access to health-enhancing resources. These models fell into personal, private, public, and interpersonal categories. We contribute insights regarding the following barriers and facilitators associated with these models: (1) affordability; (2) individual capabilities; (3) interpersonal trust, care and/or reciprocity; (4) trust in technology; (5) service availability/eligibility; (6) spatial and temporal matches; (7) match between transportation mode and physical needs; (8) service reliability and quality; and (9) infrastructure access. To address these barriers and build on these facilitators, we contribute six supportive policy and design principles. Operationalizing these principles, we propose four new ICT-enhanced models: (1) smart jitneys; (2) generalized, favor-based models; (3) expanded resource pooling; and (4) transportation clubs. The focus of these models on socio-technical integration with current capabilities and resources holds promise for enhancing access to jobs, food, and health care for residents of low-income communities.

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Racial bias in driver yielding behavior at crosswalks

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Cyclists as a minority group?

Cyclists as a minority group?

Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States

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