Racial Differences in Retinal Vessel Geometric Characteristics: A Multiethnic Study in Healthy Asians

Li, Xiang; Wong, Wan Ling; Cheung, Carol Y.; Cheng, Ching‐Yu; Ikram, M. Kamran; Li, Jialiang; Chia, Kee Seng; Wong, Tien Yin

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11126

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Statistically significant differences in retinal geometric characteristics have been reported in several behavioral studies [122], [123]. The study of employing iris on race categorization initiated from [124], which had used Gabor feature and Adaboost selection combination on a combined iris dataset for two-races classification.…”

Section: Iris Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Race from Face: A Survey

Hou

2014

IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.

158

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Faces convey a wealth of social signals, including race, expression, identity, age and gender, all of which have attracted increasing attention from multi-disciplinary research, such as psychology, neuroscience, computer science, to name a few. Gleaned from recent advances in computer vision, computer graphics, and machine learning, computational intelligence based racial face analysis has been particularly popular due to its significant potential and broader impacts in extensive real-world applications, such as security and defense, surveillance, human computer interface (HCI), biometric-based identification, among others. These studies raise an important question: How implicit, non-declarative racial category can be conceptually modeled and quantitatively inferred from the face? Nevertheless, race classification is challenging due to its ambiguity and complexity depending on context and criteria. To address this challenge, recently, significant efforts have been reported toward race detection and categorization in the community. This survey provides a comprehensive and critical review of the state-of-the-art advances in face-race perception, principles, algorithms, and applications. We first discuss race perception problem formulation and motivation, while highlighting the conceptual potentials of racial face processing. Next, taxonomy of feature representational models, algorithms, performance and racial databases are presented with systematic discussions within the unified learning scenario. Finally, in order to stimulate future research in this field, we also highlight the major opportunities and challenges, as well as potentially important cross-cutting themes and research directions for the issue of learning race from face.

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Section: Iris Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Race from Face: A Survey

Hou

2014

IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.

158

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“…Therefore the retinal microvasculature may be an ideal structure to study these abnormalities [7]. Longitudinal studies have shown that an inverse association exists between reduced retinal arteriolar calibre and HT in ageing populations, whilst retinal venular dilation is associated with stroke risk [7,8]. A higher ratio from either wider retinal arteriolar calibre or narrower retinal venular calibre or both is an index of a better retinal vessel profile [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Malan¹,

Känel²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Microcirculation Revisited - From Molecules to Clinical Practice

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Sympathetic system hyperactivity and depression are related to cardiac remodelling in "lack men. We investigated whether sympathetic system hyperactivity and depressive symptoms are related to retinal vascular dysregulation. " total of "lack and White men ( years of age) from the S""P" study were included. Depressive symptoms, h pulse pressure (PP), fasting blood and -hour urinary catecholamine data were obtained. Retinal vascular calibre was quantiied from digital photographs using standardized protocols. "lack men demonstrated increased (p < . ) hyperpulsatile pressure (PP > mmHg), hypertension ( . % vs . %) and depression ( . % vs. . %) prevalence compared to White men. Despite lower epinephrine levels, epinephrine was associated with arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in the "lack men ["dj R − . ( % CI − . , − . ), p= ."dj R . ( % CI . , . ), p= . ]. This might suggest ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity to epinephrine, which was accompanied by hyperpulsatile blood pressure in the "lack group. In the White group, depressive symptoms and norepinephrine were associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing. " proile of ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity, indicative of a chronically challenged sympathetic system, was associated with retinal vascular remodelling in "lack men. ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity as a result of chronic stress emphasized central control of the brain on the circulatory system irrespective of the vascular bed.

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“…Li et al 3 evaluated retinal vessel changes in different ethnic groups and reported that Chinese patients tended to have more tortuous vessels than the other ethnic groups in the study, lending evidence that genetics plays a role in retinal vessel morphology. It has also been documented that there can be familial retinal vessel tortuosity (RVT), which is autosomal dominant and has been associated with intraretinal hemorrhaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Arteriole Tortuosity Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy and Cholesterol

Weiler¹,

Engelke²,

Moore³

et al. 2015

Optometry and Vision Science

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First, RVT, particularly for venules, is difficult to grade consistently; therefore, future studies examining tortuosity should focus on arterioles. Second, the model indicates that there is an association between vessel changes, DR, and systemic cholesterol levels. Although DR and RVT are readily available to assess concurrently on a photograph, the addition of cholesterol to this model indicates that patients with RVT may warrant further follow-up on health factors, such as cholesterol levels.

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Racial Differences in Retinal Vessel Geometric Characteristics: A Multiethnic Study in Healthy Asians

Cited by 41 publications

References 61 publications

Learning Race from Face: A Survey

Learning Race from Face: A Survey

A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Arteriole Tortuosity Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy and Cholesterol

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