Racism and Inequality in the Deep South: The Health and Sociocultural Correlates of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans and the Legacy of Slavery

Allison, Kayla D.; Chaney, Cassandra; Tillis, Crystal M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13559-0_30

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The historical legacy of slavery, coupled with the ongoing persistence of racism manifested through segregation and social stratification, remains a potent force shaping the experiences of racial minorities today [82]. This historical and contemporary backdrop significantly influences the access that racial minorities have to resources and opportunities [83]. The lasting effects of both historical and current inequalities compound the disparities in the benefits derived from occupational class, impeding the advancement of racialized groups [84].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Assari

2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Introduction Occupational classes exert substantial effects on both subjective and objective health outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether the health impact of similar occupational classes varies across racial groups among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Aim Grounded in the theory of Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), which posits that health benefits from resources such as employment are systematically weaker for racial minority populations, particularly Non-Latino Black individuals, this study tested Black-White disparities in the effects of similar occupational classes on health outcomes in middle-aged and older adults. Methods Utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we employed a 30-year longitudinal design with a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Six occupational classes—operator, managerial, professional specialty, sales, clerical/admin, and service—served as the key predictor variables (independent variables), with race as the moderator. Various health outcomes, including self-rated health, chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive function, were measured longitudinally from wave 1 to wave 15 (from baseline to 30 years later). Statistical analyses, incorporating logistic regression models, were conducted to assess associations between occupational class and health outcomes overall and based on race. Results Our analysis included 7538 Non-Latino White or Non-Latino Black participants followed for up to 30 years. Initial findings revealed positive health effects of professional occupations on cognitive function and self-rated health over 30 years of follow-uWe also identified significant interactions between race and professional occupational class on all health outcomes, indicating notable racial differences in the effects of professional occupations on health outcomes across domains. The effects of professional occupational class were weaker for Non-Latino Black individuals than for Non-Latino White individuals. Conclusion Consistent with the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, our findings indicated less pronounced positive effects of professional occupations on a wide range of health outcomes for Non-Latino Black individuals compared to Non-Latino Whites. These disparities emphasize the critical need to address structural factors that contribute to the diminished returns of prestigious occupations for Non-Latino Black populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Assari

2024

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…Areas with more ideologically conservative politics were more likely than others to experience greater COVID‐19 infection rates as the pandemic gained steam (Gao & Radford, 2021). The fact that disproportionate numbers of Black people are poor and rely on Medicaid and that the states who have refused to expand Medicaid as part of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act are concentrated in the South (Taylor, 2019) is strong evidence that regional differences are important considerations if we are to understand differential outcomes from a pandemic.…”

Section: Rationalism Collectivism and Compliance Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persons of color in the United States generally have worse health outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality than do Whites. Among Black Americans, the reasons include lower access to health care (Taylor, 2019), considerable distrust of the medical establishment (Kennedy et al, 2007), and greater likelihood of living and working in high‐risk environments, such as exposure to environmental pollution and/or violent crime (Kambhampati et al, 2020; Treisman, 2021). People of color have historical reasons to distrust the American government (Rosenthal, 2020), and a solid argument has been made that the American healthcare system as a whole is plagued by systemic racism (Krieger, 2021).…”

Section: Rationalism Collectivism and Compliance Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Partisan polarization, historical heritage, and public health: Exploring COVID‐19 outcomes

Curtis

Stillman

Remmel

et al. 2022

World Med & Health Policy

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When the COVID‐19 virus first arrived in the United States in early 2020, many epidemiologists and public health officers counseled for shutdowns and advised policymakers to prepare for a major pandemic. In 2020, though, US society was rife with major political and cultural divides. Some elected leaders promoted policies at odds with the experts, and many people refused to heed the public health‐based communications about the coming pandemic. Additionally, the capacity to respond to a pandemic was distributed in the country in a highly unequal fashion. This paper analyzes the noteworthy geopolitical patterns of COVID‐19 illnesses, subsequent demands on hospitals, and resulting deaths. This description is based on a snapshot of archival data gathered in the midst of the pandemic during late January and early February of 2021. Demographic data, indicators of political party support, indicators of citizen attitudes, and public health compliance behaviors are combined in a multivariate analysis to explain COVID‐19 outcomes at the local government (county) level. The analysis suggests strongly that regional political culture and local demographics played a substantial role in determining the severity of the public health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Racism and Inequality in the Deep South: The Health and Sociocultural Correlates of HIV/AIDS Among African Americans and the Legacy of Slavery

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Black Americans’ Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Partisan polarization, historical heritage, and public health: Exploring COVID‐19 outcomes

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