Racist Zoombombing

Nakamura, Lisa; Stiverson, H.; Lindsey, Kiera

doi:10.4324/9781003157328

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, while trolling can often be dismissed as an individual act of attention seeking, we found that Zoombombing commonly targeted named individuals and meetings, often with racist and misogynist slurs. We would therefore likewise concur that the "Racist Zoomboming" conclusions of Nakamura et al (2021) are much more befitting the practice than the trolling framework that suggests a more banal, everyday attempt to wind up Internet users or otherwise seek to produce a response to outrageous comments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Finally, while Zoombombing has yet to receive sustained study, our article offers complimentary approaches to Nakamura, Stiverson and Lindsey’s (2021) recently published short monograph entitled Racist Zoombombing . The authors argue that while Zoombombing is new, it is but another example of racist behavior that has plagued the Internet and its many properties, platforms and spaces since their inception.…”

Section: Precursors To Zoombombing: Photobombing and Cyberflashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. analyze artifacts from platforms where these campaigns unfold and draw out conclusions from their own words and actions” (Nakamura et al, 2021, p. 16) This approach is at the heart of our coding of Zoombombing practices on Twitter, Reddit, and YouTube. It is our contention, and our hope, that by distinguishing the different practices, platforms, and media objects produced by Zoombombing, that again, policymakers, educators, and platform regulators might better respond to its different manifestations and locations.…”

Section: Precursors To Zoombombing: Photobombing and Cyberflashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoombombing During a Global Pandemic

Elmer

Neville

Burton

et al. 2021

Social Media + Society

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Using a digital methods analysis, the following article conducts a cross-platform study of the emergent “Zoombombing” phenomenon alongside COVID-19 and the concomitant on-lining of professional and public life. This empirical study seeks to provide further insight to media frames characterizing Zoombombing at the outbreak of the pandemic, providing further insight into Zoombombing as a practice, how related actions act as an extension of longer histories and practices of online harassment, and the role that various platforms play in the phenomenon’s unfolding. By interrogating these points of departure, our study sheds light not only on Zoombombing as a cultural practice, but also how these acts manifest within and across a range of Internet platforms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Precursors To Zoombombing: Photobombing and Cyberflashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precursors To Zoombombing: Photobombing and Cyberflashingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoombombing During a Global Pandemic

Elmer

Neville

Burton

et al. 2021

Social Media + Society

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“…In the past decade, social media platforms including Twitter and Facebook, blogs, websites, fringe social media sites (e.g. 4chan, 8chan) and darknets have been used for sharing hate speech and, much like old wine in a new bottle, Zoom has presented new opportunities for these different spaces to complicate and amplify expressions of cyberhate (Nakamura et al , 2021). The rise of cyberhate among extremists, hackers and delinquent youth has increased through the transmission of existing hate speech and racism into different cyberspaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Zoombombing as a new communication tool of cyberhate in the COVID-19 era

Lee

2021

OIR

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PurposeThe aims of this paper are to explore the rise of cyberhate on the Zoom video conferencing platform at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine victimized cases of Zoombombing where it was used as a cyberhate tool. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only impacted our lives and modes of working and studying, but also created new environments for cybercriminals to engage in cybercrime, cyberhate and hacking by exploiting tools such as Zoom. This new phenomenon called “Zoombombing” was first reported in mid-March 2020, when the social distancing and stay-at-home policies in the United States were nationally introduced.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducted a news media content analysis on cases of Zoombombing. To conduct this analysis empirically, a dataset with all of the reported Zoombombing cases from March to April 2020 was created. Google Trends, news media and tweets were used to analyze Zoombombing as a form of cyberhate, particularly digital racism.FindingsThe results reveal prevalent Zoom-mediated racism toward Asian Americans, African Americans and Jewish Americans. This study understands Zoombombing from a sociopolitical/cultural perspective through news reporting of victimized cases and explores various ways that Zoombombing shapes, mediates, transforms and escalates racism.Originality/valueThis study is one of the very first studies to analyze Zoombombing in a way that builds upon an emerging body of literature on cyberhate. This paper considers Zoom as a space where curious young people, cybercriminals, extremists and hackers impose their ideologies and beliefs upon newly established online learning and working environments and engage in a struggle for identity recognition in the midst of increasingly accessible vulnerable software and cyberspace.

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“…Organizations of these kinds have historically included racist vigilante groups, which have in turn emboldened and facilitated the growth of other racist vigilante groups in the US [ 95 ]. Some online White supremacist organizations act as hacker collectives to harass and stifle online communication among racial and ethnic minority communities [ 96 , 97 , 98 ].…”

Section: Institutionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Theory of the Underpinnings and Vulnerabilities of Structural Racism: Looking Upstream from Disease Inequities among People Who Use Drugs

Friedman

Williams

Jordan³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Structural racism is increasingly recognized as a key driver of health inequities and other adverse outcomes. This paper focuses on structural racism as an “upstream” institutionalized process, how it creates health inequities and how structural racism persists in spite of generations of efforts to end it. So far, “downstream” efforts to reduce these health inequities have had little success in eliminating them. Here, we attempt to increase public health awareness of structural racism and its institutionalization and sociopolitical supports so that research and action can address them. This paper presents both a theoretic and an analytic approach to how structural racism contributes to disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS and related diseases among oppressed populations. We first discuss differences in disease and health outcomes among people who use drugs (PWUD) and other groups at risk for HIV from different racial and ethnic populations. The paper then briefly analyzes the history of racism; how racial oppression, class, gender and other intersectional divisions interact to create health inequities; and how structural racism is institutionalized in ways that contribute to disease disparities among people who use drugs and other people. It examines the processes, institutions and other structures that reinforce structural racism, and how these, combined with processes that normalize racism, serve as barriers to efforts to counter and dismantle the structural racism that Black, indigenous and Latinx people have confronted for centuries. Finally, we discuss the implications of this analysis for public health research and action to undo racism and to enhance the health of populations who have suffered lifetimes of racial/ethnic oppression, with a focus on HIV/AIDS outcomes.

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Racist Zoombombing

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Zoombombing During a Global Pandemic

Zoombombing During a Global Pandemic

Analyzing Zoombombing as a new communication tool of cyberhate in the COVID-19 era

Toward a Theory of the Underpinnings and Vulnerabilities of Structural Racism: Looking Upstream from Disease Inequities among People Who Use Drugs

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