Radiation dose as a risk factor for malignant melanoma following childhood cancer

Concomitant chemo‐radiotherapy and local dose of radiation as risk factors for second malignant neoplasms after solid cancer in childhood: A case–control study

“…Three case-control studies, including 36% of cases of the present case-control study, have previously shown the role of the local dose of radiation received at the site of the second cancer on the risk of an osteosarcoma, 8 a soft tissue sarcoma (STS) 12 and a melanoma. 18 The risk of an osteosarcoma was found to increase with the number of moles of electrophilic agents per square meter while the risk of STS increased with the administration of Procarbazine. 12 Similar results were found in sub-cohort analysis studying the risk of developing a thyroid carcinoma 20 or any SMN after neuroblastoma in childhood.…”

“…When SMN were melanomas, corrections were necessary when the melanoma area was included in the beam or near the beam borders. 18 The local radiation dose was defined as the cumulative absorbed dose at the site of the SMN for the case, and at the same site for his matched controls, during the study period minus two years corresponding to the minimal latency period, for the occurrence of a radiation-induced cancer. The mean dose of radiation received by the active bone marrow was computed as a weighted mean of the doses received at 91 points of the skeleton, using published age-dependent weights.…”

Cancers secondaires des radiothérapies

“…L'é tude du rô le de la radiothé rapie est rendue complexe par l'hé té rogé né ité de la distribution des doses [27] ; les sarcomes osseux et des tissus mous sont les cancers secondaires les plus fré quents durant les 20 premiè res anné es suivant la gué rison. Hormis chez les enfants traité s pour un ré tinoblastome, ils sont beaucoup plus fré quents chez les enfants traité s par l'association radiothé rapiechimiothé rapie que chez ceux traité s par radiothé rapie seule [23,28,29,30,31] ; les cancers du cerveau apparaissent plus longtemps aprè s et leur incidence est augmenté e à la fois par la radiothé rapie et la Incidence cumulé e de second cancer aprè s cancer de l'enfant en fonction du type de traitement, dans une cohorte de 4500 enfants traité s entre 1943 et 1985 [16] chimiothé rapie [32], de mê me que celle des mé lanomes, plus rares [33] ;…”

“…Chez les enfants, deux é tudes portant sur tous les types confondus de seconds cancers ont permis de mettre en é vidence une potentialisation des effets cancé rogè nes de la radiothé rapie et de la chimiothé rapie : l'é tude de la NCCRG [24], et la cohorte EURO2K, mais dans cette derniè re l'interaction existait seulement dans le cas d'administration concomitante de la radiothé rapie et de la chimiothé rapie [33].…”

Nordic studies on late effects of treatment of cancer in childhood and adolescence

“…In this study, radiation therapy was identified as a clear risk factor, and currently a dosimetric study is under way in an attempt to assess possible dose relationship between radiation and occurrence of SMN. Our dosimetric data have also been included in an international study of melanoma as SMN (6).…”