Radiation effects in moist-air systems and the influence of radiolytic product formation on nuclear waste glass corrosion

Wronkiewicz, David J.; Bates, J.K.; Buck, Edgar C.; Hoh, J. C.; Emery, J. W.; Wang, L.M.

doi:10.2172/548617

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(2) Aging of Amorphous Gel Layers and the Return to the Forward Rate [40,41] Experimental aging of the hydrated gel layers formed during Stage II glass dissolution has shown that the gel layer components age "in-situ" into either clay mineral assemblages or zeolite mineral assemblages [133,134,135,136,137]. To understand the aging of a leached glass (or glass ceramic GCM) gel layer into either clay or zeolite mineral assemblages, it is important to recognize that the hydrated gel layer exhibits acid/base properties that are manifested as the pH dependence of the thickness and nature of the gel layer [138].…”

Section: Srnl-sti-2009-00626 March 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Durable Glass for Thousands of Years

Jantzen

Brown

Pickett

2010

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

180

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The durability of natural glasses on geological time scales and ancient glasses for thousands of years is well documented. The necessity to predict the durability of high level nuclear waste (HLW) glasses on extended time scales has led to various thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. Advances in the measurement of medium range order (MRO) in glasses has led to the understanding that the molecular structure of a glass, and thus the glass composition, controls the glass durability by establishing the distribution of ion exchange sites, hydrolysis sites, and the access of water to those sites. During the early stages of glass dissolution, a "gel" layer resembling a membrane forms through which ions exchange between the glass and the leachant. The hydrated gel layer exhibits acid/base properties which are manifested as the pH dependence of the thickness and nature of the gel layer. The gel layer ages into clay or zeolite minerals by Ostwald ripening. Zeolite mineral assemblages (higher pH and Al 3+ rich glasses) may cause the dissolution rate to increase which is undesirable for long-term performance of glass in the environment. Thermodynamic and structural approaches to the prediction of glass durability are compared versus Ostwald ripening.

show abstract

Section: Srnl-sti-2009-00626 March 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[136,137] The smectite clays are always in contact with the unaltered glass while analcime is further removed [136,137,154] [156].…”

Section: -----------------Increasing Solution Ph ---------------------→mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durable Glass for Thousands of Years

Jantzen

Brown

Pickett

2010

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

180

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the high cost of this strategy, combined with the limited number of landfills capable of accepting highly toxic heavy metal wastes, has made the development of effective and economical treatment technologies essential. Many studies have successfully demonstrated the stabilization of radioactive waste in glass and ceramic materials by thermal treatment (5)(6)(7). An added advantage of such waste forms is the significant volume reduction achieved as compared to cementitious types (8), although the radioactive nature of these products means they are limited to containment in geologic repositories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinel Formation for Stabilizing Simulated Nickel-Laden Sludge with Aluminum-Rich Ceramic Precursors

Shih

White

Leckie

2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The feasibility of stabilizing nickel-laden sludge from commonly available Al-rich ceramic precursors was investigated and accomplished with high nickel incorporation efficiency. To simulate the process, nickel oxide was mixed alternatively with gamma-alumina, corundum, kaolinite, and mullite and was sintered from 800 to 1480 degrees C. The nickel aluminate spinel (NiAl2O4) was confirmed as the stabilization phase for nickel and crystallized with efficiencies greater than 90% for all precursors above 1250 degrees C and 3-h sintering. The nickel-incorporation reaction pathways with these precursors were identified, and the microstructure and spinel yield were investigated as a function of sintering temperature with fixed sintering time. This study has demonstrated a promising process for forming nickel spinel to stabilize nickel-laden sludge from a wide range of inexpensive ceramic precursors, which may provide an avenue for economically blending waste metal sludges via the building industry processes to reduce the environmental hazards of toxic metals. The correlation of product textures and nickel incorporation efficiencies through selection of different precursors also provides the option of tailoring property-specific products.

show abstract

“…Experimental aging of the hydrated gel layers formed during Stage II glass dissolution has shown that the gel layer components age in situ into either clay mineral assemblages or zeolite mineral assemblages [43,[45][46][47][48]. Many of the burial studies cited in the introduction have examined the glass leached surface layers and/or the glass/soil interface which includes the leached layer reaction zone.…”

Section: Aging Of Hlw Glass Gel Layers: Why the Al 3+ And Fe 3+ Contementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the geochemical modeling (EQ3/EQ6) performed by Bourcier et al [64] on an iron rich waste glass gel layer composition predicted the formation of notronite (Fe 2 Si 2 O 7 Á 2H 2 O) the iron analogue of the Al-rich clay mineral kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 7 Á 2H 2 O). Additional comparisons of the aging sequences of basaltic glasses and nuclear waste glasses tested using the Vapor Hydration Test (VHT) have demonstrated that clays can only turn into zeolites as the solution becomes more basic and more saturated with silica and alumina during static durability testing [47,48].…”

Section: Aging Of Hlw Glass Gel Layers: Why the Al 3+ And Fe 3+ Contementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a buried radioactive high level waste (HLW) glass after 24 years

Jantzen

Kaplan

Bibler

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tA radioactive high level waste glass was made in 1980 with Savannah River Site (SRS) Tank 15 waste. This glass was buried in a lysimeter in the SRS burial ground for 24 years. Lysimeter leachate data was available for the first 8 years. The glass was exhumed in 2004. The glass was predicted to be very durable and laboratory tests confirmed this. Scanning electron microscopy of the glass burial surface showed no significant glass alteration consistent with results of other laboratory and field tests. Radionuclide profiling for alpha, beta, and 137 Cs indicated that Pu was not enriched in the soil while 137 Cs and 90 Sr were enriched in the first few centimeters surrounding the glass. Lysimeter leachate data indicated that 90 Sr and 137 Cs leaching from the glass was diffusion controlled.

show abstract

Radiation effects in moist-air systems and the influence of radiolytic product formation on nuclear waste glass corrosion

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Durable Glass for Thousands of Years

Durable Glass for Thousands of Years

Spinel Formation for Stabilizing Simulated Nickel-Laden Sludge with Aluminum-Rich Ceramic Precursors

Performance of a buried radioactive high level waste (HLW) glass after 24 years

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About