Radiation Protection Guidelines for the Skin

Fry, R.J.M.

doi:10.1080/09553009014550961

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A separate model was fitted for each time period restricted to subjects who were between 15 and 65 years at some time during that period. Subjects with missing data and subjects who had never worked as a radiologic technologist were classified into separate categories (estimates not shown).- 2 Trend test based on the significance of the slope estimate using categorical scores (1, 2, 3 or 1, 2, 3, 4). started working before 1940 as well as during the 1940s and 1950s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on information on UVR exposure, mean annual UVR exposure estimates in Robertson-Berger units were categorized into quartiles separately for adult and childhood exposure among all cohort members. Trend tests were based on the significance of the slope estimates using categorical scores (1,2,3,4). RRs for IR exposure were adjusted for gender, pigmentation characteristics and mean annual UVR exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 More recent studies of patients irradiated for medical reasons 4-9 and Japanese atomic bomb survivors 10,11 have shown an excess risk of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Medically irradiated patients were mostly exposed to moderately high and fractionated doses of IR early in life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 These skin cancers were mostly squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and occurred at the site of dermatitis caused by exposure to excessive local doses of ionizing radiation (IR). 2,3 More recent studies of patients irradiated for medical reasons [4][5][6][7][8][9] and Japanese atomic bomb survivors 10,11 have shown an excess risk of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Medically irradiated patients were mostly exposed to moderately high and fractionated doses of IR early in life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists

Yoshinaga

Hauptmann

Sigurdson

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Ionizing radiation (IR) is an established cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer, but there is uncertainty about the risk associated with chronic occupational exposure to IR and how it is influenced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. We studied 1,355 incident cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 270 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin in a cohort of 65,304 U.S. white radiologic technologists who responded to the baseline questionnaire survey in 1983-1989 and the follow-up survey in 1994-1998. Cox's proportional-hazards model was used to estimate relative risks of BCC and SCC associated with surrogate measures of occupational exposure to IR and residential UVR exposure during childhood and adulthood, adjusted for potential confounders including pigmentation characteristics. Relative risks of BCC, but not of SCC, were elevated among technologists who first worked during the 1950s (RR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.12-1.80), 1940s (RR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.44-2.88) and before 1940 (RR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.14-4.09), when IR exposures were high, compared to those who first worked after 1960 (p for trend < 0.01). The effect of year first worked on BCC risk was not modified by UVR exposure, but was significantly stronger among individuals with lighter compared to darker eye and hair color ( p = 0.013 and 0.027, respectively). This study provides some evidence that chronic occupational exposure to IR at low to moderate levels can increase the risk of BCC, and that this risk may be modified by pigmentation characteristics. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: epidemiology; occupational exposure; ionizing radiation; nonmelanoma skin cancer; ultraviolet radiation Radiation-induced skin cancers were first recognized among early radiologists several years after the discovery of X-rays in 1895.1 These skin cancers were mostly squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and occurred at the site of dermatitis caused by exposure to excessive local doses of ionizing radiation (IR). 2,3 More recent studies of patients irradiated for medical reasons 4-9 and Japanese atomic bomb survivors 10,11 have shown an excess risk of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Medically irradiated patients were mostly exposed to moderately high and fractionated doses of IR early in life. The Japanese atomic bomb survivors received a single exposure to IR at a wide range of doses and ages. In both situations, the excess BCC risk persisted for decades after exposure. A marked dependence of BCC risk on age at exposure, i.e., higher risk associated with younger age at exposure, was observed.11,12 BCC risk at low doses, which is currently uncertain, is of special public health interest because of the large number of people who are exposed to low-dose radiation in medical, occupational and other environments.An ongoing cohort study of a large number of U.S. radiologic technologists enabled us to evaluate the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in relation to occupational exposure to IR at a low to moderate dose level. We previously reported an ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists

Yoshinaga

Hauptmann

Sigurdson

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Therefore, risks for sunexposed areas of skin differ from those that are shielded. The risk estimate for skin cancer is very dependent on the selection of the skin site, the total risks for both UVR exposed and shielded skin is about twice that of shielded skin in non exposed skin areas 9 . According to the existing standard, maximal dose to the skin over the career may not exceed 1200 cSv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study Between Topical Applications of Liposomally Entrapped Dna Repair Enzymes and Thymidine Dinucleotides as Radioprotectors

Shabon¹,

Bedewi²

2013

J Pharm Sci Innov

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The delivery of active agents to the skin by liposome carriers is of great interest during the last three decades, based on their potential to enclose various types of biological materials and to deliver them to diverse cell types. Purpose: is to compare between topical application of DNA repair enzymes and thymidine dinucleotide which is a photoprotective agent against non-ionizing radiation through induction of DNA repair. Materials and Methods: thirty six Albino rats were treated by either thymidine dinucleotides or liposomally entrapped DNA repair enzymes topically, 24 hours after they were irradiated with Cobalt-60(60Co) gamma radiation with different doses (0.5 and 3Gy), and they were evaluated with histolopathologically by H&E stain and computerized image analyzer using Masson's trichrome stain. Results: Gamma radiation produced epidermal thinning and dermal inflammatory cells together with collagen fragmentation and clumping in a dose-like manner. Thymidine dinucleotides gave a better response with both (0.5& 3 Gy) than liposomally entrapped DNA repair enzymes, the epidermis was preserved of with no inflammatory cells and also it maintained the normal architecture of collagen bundles. Conclusion: The effects of gamma radiation on the skin could be minimized by the use of certain dinucleotides.

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Long-Term (Chronic, Late) Radiation Reactions of the Skin

Suter

2004

Radiation Treatment and Radiation Reactions in Dermatology

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Radiation Protection Guidelines for the Skin

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists

Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists

Comparative Study Between Topical Applications of Liposomally Entrapped Dna Repair Enzymes and Thymidine Dinucleotides as Radioprotectors

Long-Term (Chronic, Late) Radiation Reactions of the Skin

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