Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex using TMPTMA and PEA

Jayasuriya, M. M.; Makuuchi, Keizo; Yoshi, Fumio

doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00091-4

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Coagents can boost the vulcanization efficiency as they are highly reactive toward free radicals. Organic molecules with acrylate groups, i.e., trimethylolpropane trimethaacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and phenoxy ethyl acrylate are one of the most widely used coagent in radiation vulcanization of NR and they are proven to enhance crosslink density of NR during radiation vulcanization [ 6 , 21 ]. In addition, acrylate coagents, i.e., ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, have also been used for radiation vulcanization of synthetic rubbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

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Ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) has a promising application as a renewable toughening modifier in polymer matrices. In this work, the effects of acrylate coagents, which had different amounts of functional groups, on properties of UFPNR produced by radiation vulcanization and spray-drying was systematically investigated for the first time. Dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylol propane trimethaacrylate (TMPTMA), and ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DTMPTA) were used as coagents with two, three, and four acrylate groups, respectively. The radiation in the range of 250 to 400 kGy and coagent contents of up to 11 phr were used in the production process. Physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the UFPNR were characterized by swelling analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of UFPNR produced by using different type and content of coagents were compared and discussed. The results revealed that UFPNR with the smallest particle size of 3.6 ± 1.1 μm and the highest thermal stability (Td5 = 349 °C) could be obtained by using DTMPTA, which had the highest amount of functional group. It was proposed that the coagent with the greater number of acrylate groups enhanced the crosslinking of natural rubber as it had more reactive groups. Finally, an application of UFPNR as a toughening filler in rigid PVC was demonstrated with 34% improvement of impact strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

et al. 2021

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“…However, high absorbed dose requirement for desired extent of crosslinking leads to cost enhancement as well as deterioration of mechanical properties of EVA at higher doses. Use of multifunctional acrylates (MFAs) and allylic reactive molecules during radiation processing have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks of radiation processing [18][19][20][21]. Radiation crosslinking i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation processed ethylene vinyl acetate-multiple walled carbon nanotube nano-composites: Effect of MWNT addition on the gel content and crosslinking density

Dubey¹,

Bhardwaj²,

Chaudhari³

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Different compositions of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/multiple walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nano-composites were prepared by melt mixing and subjected to different doses of gamma radiation. The efficiency of radiation vulcanization was analyzed by sol-gel analysis, Charlesby-Pinner parameter estimation and crosslinking density measurements. Gamma radiation induced crosslinking was found to increase with MWNT fraction in EVA-MWNT nanocomposites (p0/q0 in the range: 1.15-0.98). These results ruled out the possibility of a significant neutralization of single ionization spurs by MWNT addition. The incorporation of MWNT also resulted in increased hardness and higher density of the nano-composite matrix. The efficiency of multifunctional acrylates as crosslinking aid in the radiation-induced vulcanization of EVA-MWNT nano-composites was also investigated. The results established lower efficiency of methacrylates than of acrylates in the radiation vulcanization process.

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“…However, these responses of polymeric materials to high energy radiations can be manipulated with additives like crosslink promoters and chain scission sensitizers. Various multifunctional monomers like triallyl cyanurate (TAC),8 trimethylol propane triacrylate,9 and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA)10–12 have been used as crosslink promoters in electron beam induced crosslinking of polymers. In this article we report on the effect of electron beam irradiation on a particular grade of EPDM selected for our future studies on radiation processing of rubber–plastic blends, over a range of radiation doses, and to evaluate the efficiency of the crosslink promoter TMPTMA by monitoring the development of gel, swelling behavior, and physical properties and correlating the same with radiation dose and TMPTMA levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam irradiation of ethylene‐propylene terpolymer: Evaluation of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate as a crosslink promoter

Chowdhury

Banerji

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effect of electron beam irradiation on ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPDM) was investigated. A 50-part oil-extended EPDM with high termonomer (ENB) content (iodine number of base polymer) 19, was selected for this study. An increase in irradiation dose from 0 to 200 kGy resulted in increased crosslinking, measured by an increase in gel contents and better swelling resistance. The effect of the multifunctional monomer trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as a crosslink promoter was studied using IR spectroscopy. The IR studies revealed enhanced peak absorbances at 1725, 1257, and 1023 cm Ϫ1 as a result of the increased concentration of C ϭ O and C-O-C groups and reduced absorbance at 1630 cm Ϫ1 due decreased concentration of C ϭ C groups with TMPTMA level in the irradiated samples. The presence of TMPTMA increased the level of crosslinking at a given irradiation dose, which was manifested by improvement in tensile properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 968 -975, 2005

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Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex using TMPTMA and PEA

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC

Radiation processed ethylene vinyl acetate-multiple walled carbon nanotube nano-composites: Effect of MWNT addition on the gel content and crosslinking density

Electron beam irradiation of ethylene‐propylene terpolymer: Evaluation of trimethylol propane trimethacrylate as a crosslink promoter

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