Radiative cooling due to NO at 5.3 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>m emission as observed by TIMED/SABER over Asian sector

Bharti, Gaurav; Krishna, M. V. Sunil; Singh, Vir

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.016

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…SABER scans once every 58 s to obtain vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents, such as NO, CO 2 , O 3 , H 2 O, NO, O 2 , and temperature from the surface to an altitude of 180 km [23,45,46]. In one orbit, SABER covers latitudes from 53 • in one hemisphere to 83 • in the other, with an asymmetric hemispheric coverage [46][47][48]. SABER collects 24 h of data every 60-65 days [14,44], covering 15 longitude bands each day, and measures radiance (W/m 2 /sr) within the tangent height range of approximately 20 to 400 km with a vertical resolution of 2 km [49].…”

Section: Nitric Oxide Infrared Radiative Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variation Patterns of NO 5.3 µm Infrared Radiation during Two Consecutive Auroral Disturbances

Wu,

Dai,

Chen

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The variation in key parameters of the solar–terrestrial space during two consecutive auroral disturbances (the magnetic storm index, Dst index = −422 nT) that occurred during the 18–23 November 2003 period was analyzed in this paper, as well as the spatiotemporal characteristics of NO 5.3 μm radiation with an altitude around the location of 55°N 160°W. The altitude was divided into four regions (50–100 km, 100–150 km, 150–200 km, and 200–250 km), and it was found that the greatest amplification occurs at the altitude of 200–250 km. However, the radiance reached a maximum of 3.38 × 10−3 W/m2/sr at the altitude of 123 km during the aurora event, which was approximately 10 times higher than the usual value during “quiet periods”. Based on these findings, the spatiotemporal variations in NO 5.3 μm radiance within the range of latitude 51°S–83°N and longitude of 60°W–160°W were analyzed at 120 km, revealing an asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres during the recovery period. Additionally, the recovery was also influenced by the superposition of a second auroral event. The data used in this study were obtained from the OMNI database and the SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) infrared radiometer onboard the TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) satellite. Finally, the correlation of NO 5.3 μm radiance at 120 km with temperature, solar wind speed, auroral electrojet index (AE index), and Dst index were analyzed. It was found that only the Dst index had a good correlation with the radiance value. Furthermore, the correlation between the Dst index and radiance at different altitudes was also analyzed, and the highest correlation was found at 170 km.

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Section: Nitric Oxide Infrared Radiative Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variation Patterns of NO 5.3 µm Infrared Radiation during Two Consecutive Auroral Disturbances

Wu,

Dai,

Chen

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…The observations of NO volume emission rate (NOVER) by SABER and NO abundance by Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) have found that the radiance and abundance of NO in the thermosphere are strongly correlated with solar irradiance and geomagnetic activities (Barth et al 2003). The emission by NO is highly susceptible to changes caused by solar and geomagnetic storms and has been reported by (Bharti et al 2018(Bharti et al , 2019Tang et al 2017;Knipp et al 2017Knipp et al , 2013Li et al 2018Li et al , 2019Mlynczak et al , 2003Mlynczak et al , 2005. It can be seen that the infrared flux is enhanced by an order of magnitude during an intense space weather event in comparison to a quiet control day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Nitric Oxide infrared radiative flux in lower thermosphere: A machine learning perspective

Nailwal,

Krishna,

Ranjan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nitric Oxide (NO) significantly impacts energy distribution and chemical processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). During geomagnetic storms, a substantial influx of energy in the thermosphere leads to an increase in NO infrared emissions. Accurately predicting the radiative flux of Nitric Oxide is crucial for understanding the thermospheric energy budget, particularly during extreme space weather events. With advancements in computational techniques, machine learning (ML) has become a highly effective tool for space weather forecasting. This effort becomes even more worthwhile considering the availability of two decades of continuous NO infrared emissions measurement by TIMED/SABER, along with several other key thermospheric variables. We present the scheme of development of an ML-based predictive model for Nitric Oxide Infrared Radiative Flux (NOIRF). Various ML algorithms have been tested for better predictive ability, and an optimized model (NOEMLM) has been developed for the study of NOIRF. This model is able to extract the underlying relationships between the input features and effectively predict the NOIRF. The NOEMLM predictions have very good agreements with SABER observation during quiet time as well as geomagnetic storms. In comparison with the existing TIEGCM model, NOEMLM has very good performance, especially during extreme space weather conditions. The results of this study suggest that utilizing geomagnetic and space weather indices with ML/AI can serve as superior parameters for studying the upper atmosphere, as compared to focusing on specific species having complex chemical processes and associated uncertainties in constituents. ML techniques can effectively carry out the analysis with greater ease than traditional chemical studies.

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“…It resulted in the radiation blackout of about 60% space missions (Kataoka, 2022). There are several studies of storm time NO cooling emission from the TIMED/SABER satellite observations and the TIEGCM simulations (Bag, 2018a, 2018b; Bag & Ogawa, 2024a, 2024b; Bag et al., 2020, 2023a, 2023b, 2024; Bharti et al., 2018, 2019; Li et al., 2018, and references therein). The TIEGCM takes the geomagnetic forcing either from the Heelis model (Heelis et al., 1982) or the Weimer model (Weimer, 2005) which calculates the high‐latitude precipitation and convection patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermospheric NO Cooling During 2003 October “Halloween Storm”: Revisited

Bag,

Ogawa,

Sivakumar

2024

JGR Space Physics

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The Nitric Oxide (NO) emission at 5.3 μm wavelength is a well‐known coolant above 100 km. It effectively regulates thermospheric temperature during space weather events. We studied NO cooling emission over Tromsø (geographic:69.59°N, 19.22°E; cgm:66.58°,102.94°), Norway by using the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulation driven by both Heelis and Weimer models as sources of geomagnetic forcing during October–November 2003 storm. The Weimer driven TIEGCM significantly overestimates thermospheric Nitric Oxide and Atomic Oxygen densities and underestimates temperature as compared to the Heelis driven simulation. The density ratio between the Weimer and Heelis driven estimations decreases with increasing altitude for both NO and atomic oxygen densities. The Heelis driven Joule heating rate agrees very well with the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) radar measurements. It peaks during the main phase of the storm with magnitude about 4–5 times higher than that driven by Weimer model which peaks during the recovery phase. The difference in Joule heating rates between the Heelis and Weimer driven models increases with storm intensity, reaching a peak discrepancy of about an order of magnitude during the October‐November 2003 storm. An early and stronger NO cooling enhancement is predicted by Heelis driven TIEGCM simulation. It overestimates NO cooling emission by about 2–3 times as compared to SABER observations and about 4–5 times the Weimer driven calculation. This strong difference between the two models can be attributed to the model calculations of high latitude electric field and convection patterns.

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Radiative cooling due to NO at 5.3 μm emission as observed by TIMED/SABER over Asian sector

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Spatial and Temporal Variation Patterns of NO 5.3 µm Infrared Radiation during Two Consecutive Auroral Disturbances

Spatial and Temporal Variation Patterns of NO 5.3 µm Infrared Radiation during Two Consecutive Auroral Disturbances

Modeling of Nitric Oxide infrared radiative flux in lower thermosphere: A machine learning perspective

Thermospheric NO Cooling During 2003 October “Halloween Storm”: Revisited

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