Radiocarbon, the Calibration Curve and Scythian Chronology

Plicht, J. van der

doi:10.1007/1-4020-2656-0_5

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A radiocarbon date of 2440 ± 16 yrs BP (UB-4957) from a structural timber recovered from Timber Chamber 2 of Kurgan 4 at Ai-Dai III appears to broadly support this chronological assignation. Unfortunately this part of the calibration curve features a well-known plateau (Michczynski, 2004;van der Plicht, 2004), thus providing only a broad estimate of 740-410 BC at 95% confidence (CALIB 6.0).…”

Section: The Cemeteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Age pastoral nomadism and agriculture in the eastern Eurasian steppe: implications from dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

Murphy

Schulting

Beer

et al. 2013

Journal of Archaeological Science

109

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Highlights  We examine the diet of two Iron Age populations from the eastern Eurasian steppe.  The proxies used are dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes.  These populations did not solely rely on their herds for subsistence.  Millet and fish formed a substantial component of their diet.  The subsistence strategies of steppe mobile pastoralists are highly complex.

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Section: The Cemeteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Age pastoral nomadism and agriculture in the eastern Eurasian steppe: implications from dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

Murphy

Schulting

Beer

et al. 2013

Journal of Archaeological Science

109

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“…In the period after the peak, the cumulative probability of the non-normalized data is in contrast higher than the cumulative probability of the normalized data. This difference is due to a pronounced wiggle in the IntCal13 calibration curve around 2700-2500 14 C-ages BP prior to the so-called Hallstatt-plateau (e.g., [98]). In the following, only non-normalized ages are described.…”

Section: Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The city area of Pergamon quadrupled in the 2nd century BCE [129]. The area of the lower city further grew under the reign of Trajan (98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117), including the location of residential quarters, major buildings, and bathes in the surroundings. In the 2nd century BCE, also the city of Elaia grew [128].…”

Section: Classic and Post-classic Period(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of Geomorphodynamics in the Western Lower Bakırçay Plain (Aegean Region, Turkey)

Becker

Knitter

Nykamp

et al. 2020

Land

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The relation between human activities, climate variability, and geomorphodynamics in the Mediterranean region is widely discussed. For the western lower Bakırçay plain in the ancient Pergamon Micro-Region, geoarchaeological studies have shown changes in geomorphodynamics primarily on a site-basis. We reconstruct past geomorphodynamics in the area based on a meta-analysis of 108 14C-ages obtained from 25 sediment sequences mainly from colluvial and alluvial deposits by analyzing cumulative probability functions of the 14C-ages. Accounting for biases in the database, we applied different approaches and compared the empirical probability functions with simulated functions. Reconstructed geomorphodynamics in the western lower Bakırçay plain during the Holocene principally coincide with a trend of climate-driven sensitivity to erosion and population dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean, but are also related to the local settlement history. Our data analysis shows that transformations of the Pergamon Micro-Region between the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial times is contemporary to increasing geomorphodynamics that peak in Roman Imperial times. However, a cause–effect relationship between geomorphodynamics and settlement dynamics should be further evaluated. A comparison with data from other settlement centers in Anatolia shows that a coincidence between the peak in geomorphodynamics and a peak in settlement activity are not obvious and may be influenced by soil conservation measures, preferred settlement location, and inherited soil exhaustion.

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“…The radiocarbon dates at 37 and 25 + 26 cm depth (Table 3) point to inundation of the site around 900-850 cal BC. The date at 13 cm depth corresponds to the Hallstatt plateau in the calibration curve [58] and therefore it represents a very long period (ca. 350 years of uncertainty between ca.…”

Section: Enkhuizen-westeinde (Ewe Diagram In Esm3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiocarbon dates at 68 and 61 cm level (Table 3) show that the start of the deposition of gyttja and subsequent peat growth at the Oostwoud site occurred around 1650 cal BC. The date at 29 cm shows that the peat deposit is undisturbed only until around 750 to 550 cal BC (Hallstatt plateau in the radiocarbon calibration curve [58]).…”

Section: Oostwoud (Owd Diagram In Esm3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicore Study of Upper Holocene Mire Development in West-Frisia, Northern Netherlands: Ecological and Archaeological Aspects

et al. 2020

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We studied twelve late Holocene organic deposits in West-Frisia, The Netherlands. Pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, mosses, other botanical macrofossils and insect remains were recorded for reconstructions of changing environmental conditions. Eastern West-Frisia was a cultivated landscape during the Bronze Age, but it became a freshwater wetland in the Late Bronze Age. In most of our sites, radiocarbon dates show that time transgressive inundation of soils preceded the climate shift at 850 cal BC for several centuries. We suggest that solar forcing of climate change may have delivered the final push to the inundation and depopulation of West-Frisia, which had already commenced several centuries before, due to sealevel rise. We did not find evidence for significant Bronze Age tree growth in West-Frisia before the inundations. Vegetation successions in the new wetlands developed from shallow mineral-rich freshwater to rich-fen vegetation. Subsequently poor fen vegetation with birch and pine developed, and the natural succession led to ombrotrophic raised bog vegetation. Complete successions from shallow, mineral-rich lakes to raised bog lasted between 1000 and 1500 calendar years. We hypothesize that medieval drainage and reclamation became possible only when the mires of West-Frisia had reached the raised bog stage. Reclamation of raised bogs by medieval farmers (drainage, eutrophication, peat digging) caused compaction, oxidation and loss of the upper part of the peat deposit. Seeds of salt-tolerant and salt-demanding plant species indicate that the medieval sites were inundated during storm surges with brackish or salt water, which triggered the farmers to build artificial mounds and, later, dikes. Under mounds and dikes, peat deposits remained protected against further decay. With our data we deliver a long-term perspective on contemporary ecosystem dynamics of freshwater wetlands, relevant for nature conservation and future climate change.

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Radiocarbon, the Calibration Curve and Scythian Chronology

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Iron Age pastoral nomadism and agriculture in the eastern Eurasian steppe: implications from dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

Iron Age pastoral nomadism and agriculture in the eastern Eurasian steppe: implications from dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

Meta-Analysis of Geomorphodynamics in the Western Lower Bakırçay Plain (Aegean Region, Turkey)

Multicore Study of Upper Holocene Mire Development in West-Frisia, Northern Netherlands: Ecological and Archaeological Aspects

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