Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier

Nittby, Henrietta; Grafström, Gustav; Eberhardt, J.L.; Malmgren, Lars; Brun, Arne; Persson, Bertil; Salford, Leif G.

doi:10.1080/15368370802061995

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We have reviewed the literature since the 1970s examining the effects of EMF upon the BBB, studied both with albumin and other markers for leakage (Nittby et al 2008c). Here, we will only comment upon a few publications, in which albumin was used as marker, in attempts to replicate our experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

et al. 2011

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Since the late 1980s, our group has examined the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), including pulse-modulated waves of the type emitted by mobile phones, upon the blood-brain barrier. In more than 2,000 rats, we have repeatedly demonstrated a passage of the rats' own albumin from the blood through the brain capillaries into the surrounding brain parenchyma at SAR values down to 0.1mW/kg. In most of these experiments, the animals were exposed in TEM-cells, ventilated by an external electrical fan at 50 Hz. In the present study, we examined whether the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from the fan (50 Hz, 0.3-1.5 lT) might add to the RF effect. Sixty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: RF only, ELF only and RF ? ELF exposure plus a sham group. The GSM-900 MHz RF exposure was at the very low, nonthermal, average whole-body SAR level 0.4 mW/kg. Demonstration of the normally occurring albumin extravasation in the basal hypothalamus is our inbuilt control proving that the staining is reliable. Two full series of staining of the whole material gave negative results for hypothalamus. Not until we changed to avidin, biotin, and antibodies from a third supplier, we received an acceptable staining. Twenty-five percent of the RF animals had a pathological albumin leakage, while the ELF and RF ? ELF groups with three and two pathological findings, respectively, were not significantly different from the control group. We conclude that the use of external fans has had no major influence upon the result.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

et al. 2011

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“…It has been demonstrated that EMR from mobile phones affect neural function in humans although the studies contain conflicting reports and animal studies do not support the idea. Nittby et al (2008) reported that these effects range from changes in permeability of the blood-brain barrier to changes in EEG records pattern. However, recent papers reported that changes in permeability of the blood-brain barrier did not affect by 2.45 GHz and 1438 MHz EMR exposure (Cosquer et al 2005, Kuribayashi et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulator effects of L-carnitine and selenium on wireless devices (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress and electroencephalography records in brain of rat

Nazıroğlu¹,

Gümral

2009

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…Several animal studies have shown dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by radiofrequency fields (25,26). Leakage of albumin into the brain has been demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours

Hardell

Carlberg²

2009

Int J Oncol

146

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Abstract. The Hardell-group conducted during 1997-2003 two case control studies on brain tumours including assessment of use of mobile phones and cordless phones. The questionnaire was answered by 905 (90%) cases with malignant brain tumours, 1,254 (88%) cases with benign tumours and 2,162 (89%) population-based controls. Cases were reported from the Swedish Cancer Registries. Anatomical area in the brain for the tumour was assessed and related to side of the head used for both types of wireless phones. In the current analysis we defined ipsilateral use (same side as the tumour) as ≥50% of the use and contralateral use (opposite side) as <50% of the calling time. We report now further results for use of mobile and cordless phones. Regarding astrocytoma we found highest risk for ipsilateral mobile phone use in the >10 year latency group, OR=3.3, 95% CI=2.0-5.4 and for cordless phone use OR=5.0, 95% CI=2.3-11. In total, the risk was highest for cases with first use <20 years age, for mobile phone OR=5.2, 95% CI=2.2-12 and for cordless phone OR=4.4, 95% CI=1.9-10. For acoustic neuroma, the highest OR was found for ipsilateral use and >10 year latency, for mobile phone OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.4-6.2 and cordless phone OR=2.3, 95% CI=0.6-8.8. Overall highest OR for mobile phone use was found in subjects with first use at age <20 years, OR=5.0, 95% CI 1.5-16 whereas no association was found for cordless phone in that group, but based on only one exposed case. The annual age-adjusted incidence of astrocytoma for the age group >19 years increased significantly by +2.16%, 95% CI +0.25 to +4.10 during [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007] in Sweden in spite of seemingly underreporting of cases to the Swedish Cancer Registry. A decreasing incidence was found for acoustic neuroma during the same period. However, the medical diagnosis and treatment of this tumour type has changed during recent years and underreporting from a single center would have a large impact for such a rare tumour.

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Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier

Cited by 71 publications

References 68 publications

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

Nonthermal GSM RF and ELF EMF effects upon rat BBB permeability

Modulator effects of L-carnitine and selenium on wireless devices (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress and electroencephalography records in brain of rat

Mobile phones, cordless phones and the risk for brain tumours

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