Radiographic Evaluation of Mastoid Parameters for Sexual Differentiation in North Indian Population

Passey, Jigyasa; Pandey, Suniti; Passey, Nishtha; Singh, Rahul; Singh, Raveena; Kumar, Arvind

doi:10.7759/cureus.16011

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…where ρ o is the organic matter density in g/cm 3 , ρ mi is the average density of grain and pore fluid in g/cm 3 , R ρ is the ratio of the organic matter to organic carbon in weight percentage. Passey et al 55 suggested an easy-to-use model for TOC prediction, as summarized in eqs 3 and 4. Currently, this model is widely used for evaluating the unconventional resources reserve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Approaches to Predict Thermal Maturity Indices of Organic Matter Using Artificial Neural Networks

et al. 2020

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Prediction of thermal maturity index parameters in organic shales plays a critical role in defining the hydrocarbon prospect and proper economic evaluation of the field. Hydrocarbon potential in shales is evaluated using the percentage of organic indices such as total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity temperature, source potentials, and hydrogen and oxygen indices. Direct measurement of these parameters in the laboratory is the most accurate way to obtain a representative value, but, at the same time, it is very expensive. In the absence of such facilities, other approaches such as analytical solutions and empirical correlations are used to estimate the organic indices in shale. The objective of this study is to develop data-driven machine learning-based models to predict continuous profiles of geochemical logs of organic shale formation. The machine learning models are trained using the petrophysical wireline logs as input and the corresponding laboratory-measured core data as a target for Barnett shale formations. More than 400 log data and the corresponding core data were collected for this purpose. The petrophysical wireline logs are γ-ray, bulk density, neutron porosity, sonic transient time, spontaneous potential, and shallow resistivity logs. The corresponding core data includes the experimental results from the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Leco TOC measurements. A backpropagation artificial neural network coupled with a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used in this work. In addition to the development of optimized PSO-ANN models, explicit empirical correlations are also extracted from the fine-tuned weights and biases of the optimized models. The proposed models work with a higher accuracy within the range of the data set on which the models are trained. The proposed models can give real-time quantification of the organic matter maturity that can be linked with the real-time drilling operations and help identify the hotspots of mature organic matter in the drilled section.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Approaches to Predict Thermal Maturity Indices of Organic Matter Using Artificial Neural Networks

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, they concluded that the parameters were nearly the same on both sides for both genders. [16] Passey et al [2] determined A-AMP distance as an average of 50.00±9.75 mm in males and 49.84±6.97 mm in females over 100 radiographs (p<0.001). Helmy et al [17] revealed that the A-AMP distance was 5.21 cm (right), 5.24 cm (left) in males, and 4.72 cm (right), 4.80 cm (left) in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation of Asterion to the MT have been conducted in previous studies. [1][2][3][5][6][7]13,14] The distance between Asterion and the apex of the mastoid process (A-AMP) was revealed as 49.20±4.68 mm by Day et al, [13] 49.70±4.80 mm by Martinez et al, [14] 47.89± 3.72 mm for the right side and 47.62 ± 2.87 mm for the left side by Mwachaka et al, [3] 49.1±5.4 mm by Ucerler and Govsa, [1] 51.53±4.97 mm by Galindo-de Leon et al, [5] 43.65±6.75 mm for the left side and 45.01± 6.04 mm for the right side by Akkaflo¤lu et al, [6] 48.7±0.56 mm for the left side by Çal›flkan et al [7] in various populations. However, Kemkes and Göbel [15] found the A-AMP as 49.4±5.1 mm (right), 49.4±5.5 mm (left) in females, and 50.2±4 mm (right), 50.5±4.8 mm (left) in males in German population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it may stay intact in otherwise damaged and fractured skulls. [2] The mastoid triangle (MT) is an essential surgical zone for transmastoid cisternoscopy, and surgical approaches directed to cerebellopontine triangle, mastoid antrum and dural venous sinuses. Therefore, anthropometric measurements of MT and nearby surgical landmarks, such as mastoid process (MP), should be considered in surgery to prevent damage to the auricular branch of the lesser occipital nerve, great auricular nerve, emissary vein, sigmoid and transverse sinuses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The relationship between the mastoid triangle and localization of the Asterion

Kabakçı¹,

Saygın²,

Büyükmumcu³

et al. 2021

Anatomy

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Objectives: The relationship between the mastoid triangle and the localization of the Asterion can be used in craniotomy and posterolateral surgical approaches. Therefore, we aimed to identify the relationship between the localization of the Asterion and mastoid triangle in dry skulls and its effect on surgery. Methods: Our study was performed on 93 adult skulls obtained from bone collections of the Anatomy Departments of Necmettin Erbakan University and Akdeniz University. The mastoid triangle, Asterion and linear distances between them were measured for to determine the localization of the Asterion. Results: The Asterion was located just above the Frankfurt horizontal plane on the left sides of the skulls in 54 (58.1%) specimens and on the right sides of the skulls in 71 (76.3%). It was located below the Frankfurt horizontal plane on the left sides of the skulls in 39 (41.9%) specimens; and on the right sides of the skulls in 19 (20.4%). There was a positive correlation between the distance of Asterion to apex of the mastoid process (r=0.832). Conclusion: The relationship between the mastoid process and the Asterion can be used for determination of the dural venous sinuses and neighboring neurovascular structures, in retrosigmoid posterolateral surgical approaches.

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“…The skull is the second-best predictor of sex determination after the pelvis [3,4] . Several cranial metric parameters have been studied for age and sex determination, including cranium maximum length and breadth, bizygomatic distance, mastoid process and foramen magnum dimensions, and paranasal sinuses measurements [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The crucial point is the ability to analyze bones in fragmented or extensively disfigured states, so it is essential to use denser bones that are frequently retrieved intact [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bizygomatic distance and Bimastoid diameter as predictors for age and sex determination in an Egyptian sample: A cone-beam computed tomography study

Aboelalla,

hassan,

El Bahnasy

2024

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Background and objectives: Identification of decomposed or incomplete human remains is a challenging mission in forensic medicine. Denser bones, as the mastoid and zygomatic bones, are frequently retrieved intact. This study aimed to evaluate using bizygomatic distance and bimastoid diameter as predictors for age estimation and sex discrimination among a sample of the Egyptian population using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: One hundred and fifty CBCT images of Egyptians aged 18 to 67 years (75 males and 75 females) were included in this retrospective observational study. Bizygomatic distance and bimastoid diameter were measured, and data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results:Comparison of the mean values of bizygomatic distance and bimastoid diameter between males and females revealed significantly higher values in males than females (P-value < 0.001). Comparison of both variables between different age groups did not show any statistically significant difference. The highest accuracy obtained from discriminant function analysis was for the univariate bimastoid distance model (89.3%, 82.7%, and 86.0% for females, males, and whole sample, respectively). Conclusion:Bizygomatic distance and bimastoid diameter measurements on CBCT images can be valuable tools for sex discrimination among Egyptians when other approaches are unsatisfying.

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Radiographic Evaluation of Mastoid Parameters for Sexual Differentiation in North Indian Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Data-Driven Approaches to Predict Thermal Maturity Indices of Organic Matter Using Artificial Neural Networks

Data-Driven Approaches to Predict Thermal Maturity Indices of Organic Matter Using Artificial Neural Networks

The relationship between the mastoid triangle and localization of the Asterion

Bizygomatic distance and Bimastoid diameter as predictors for age and sex determination in an Egyptian sample: A cone-beam computed tomography study

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