Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin

Arimura, Akira; Lundqvist, G.; Rothman, John; Chang, Robert C.; Fernández‐Durango, Raquel; Elde, Robert; Coy, David H.; Meyers, Chester A.; Schally, Andrew V.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(78)90032-x

Cited by 166 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Antiserum to synthetic somatostatin (Kabi, Stockholm) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was raised in rabbits as described (16). Antisera to highly purified APP and highly purified porcine VIP were raised in rabbits as will be described elsewhere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Lundberg

Hökfelt

Änggård

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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168

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Sympathetic ganglia and some peripheral tissues of adult guinea pig and cat were analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisera to catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and some peptides. In the guinea pig, noradrenergic neurons could be subdivided into three populations containing respectively (i) somatostatin-like immunoreactive material, (ii) avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like immunoreactive material, and (iii) apparently only noradrenaline (NA; norepinephrine). A fourth population of sympathetic neurons was nonadrenergic and contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive material. In the cat many noradrenergic neurons with APP and some without this peptide were seen, but no somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons were observed. Also a population of non-adrenergic, presumably cholinergic, neurons containing a VIP-like peptide was observed. These neuron, populations seemed to innervate different tissues with some target specificity.For example, in the nasal mucosa ofthe cat, nerves containing NA/ APP-like immunoreactive material (called NA/APP nerves) were found around small arteries and arterioles, whereas venules and sinusoids were surrounded by nerves containing only NA (called NA nerves). Also in the submandibular salivary gland of the cat, the NA/APP nerves surrounded arteries and drterioles, whereas NA nerves were seen in relation to acini and ducts. The sympathetic (cholinergic) VIP-containing neurons innervated blood vessels and exocrine tissue in the cat sweat glands. In the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the guinea pig and cat, a dense network of VIP-immunoreactive fibers was seen preferentially around noradrenergic ganglionic cell bodies lacking APP-immunoreactive material. Thus, adult peripheral sympathetic neurons can be subdivided into several categories on the basis of specific peptides. These subdivisions may innervate specific targets and may receive peptide-specific neuronal inputs.Classically the peripheral autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic portions (1, 2). The enteric nerves have been considered to represent a separate division (3). The principal transmitter in the sympathetic division is noradrenaline (NA), as discovered by von Euler (4). However, a small population of sympathetic nerves supply sweat glands (5, 6) and skeletal muscle vessels and are cholinergic (7).During recent years, an extensive distribution ofpeptides in peripheral neurons has been identified (8-10). Further analysis has revealed-that some of these peptides coexist with classical transmitters in sympathetic neurons. Thus, some peripheral noradrenergic cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig, particularly prevertebral ganglia, contain a somatostatinlike peptide (11). An avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like peptide has been demonstrated in a population of peripheral noradrenaline neurons (12). Finally, the acetylcholine (AcCho) esterase-rich, presumably cholinergic, neurons in sympathetic g...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Lundberg

Hökfelt

Änggård

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

168

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“…These values were considerably greater than the IRS values in the peripheral plasma processed by a similar method. These plasma IRS levels were less than 20 pg/ml during fasting [1]. There were no significant differences in pancreatic juice IRS levels associated with age or sex of the patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…RIA was performed as described elsewhere using a rabbit anti-somatostatin serum R101 [1]. In some assays, antiserum R207 was also used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin in human pancreatic and gastric juice

et al. 1981

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in human pancreatic and gastric juice. PEPTIDES 2: Suppl. 2, 271-274, 1981 .-----Considerable amounts of IRS are secreted after secretin injection in human pancreatic juice collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The mean IRS levels in the pancreatic juice of non-diabetic patients were 79_ + 10 (SE) pedml. The IRS levels in NIDDM were considerably higher, the mean value being 1635_+ 313 (SE) pg/mi. The mean IRS level in IDDM were 312 _+ 15 l (SE) pg/ml. In IDDM, those patients whose blood glucose levels were well controlled by insulin showed low pancreatic juice IRS ranging from non-detectable to 46 pg/ml. On the other hand, those with uncontrolled hyperglycemia showed IRS levels ranging from 452 to 1047 pg/ml. Gel-filtration profiles of IRS in pancreatic juice extracts were not consistent in all cases. Some showed IRS peaks eluting with SS14 and SS28, while others contained IRS species that were eluted in more retarded fractions. The retarded IRS fraction exhibited biological activity indistinguishable from that of SS14 as indexed using a quantitative cytochemical method.

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“…One component appeared to be the same as somatostatin and consisted of approximately 50% of the total IRS. The other appeared to be smaller and less basic (7).…”

Section: Release Of Somatostatinmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Blood plasma contains peptidases (137, 68), which rapidly inactivate the peptide at 37°C and can be inhibited by benzamidine. An extremely rapid disappearance of intravenously injected somatostatin from circulation (t'l2:1-2 min) and extremely low levels of somatostatin in the peripheral plasma of animals and humans as determined by a reliable RIA method (7,4) imply an important physiological significance of the rapid clearance of the hormone from circulation. Specific enzymes present at the sites of action, storage and release could play a vital role in regulating the amount and duration of action of the hormone at the tissue.…”

Section: Structure Activity Relationship Studies By Somatostatin Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>RECENT PROGRESS IN SOMATOSTATIN </b><b>RESEARCH </b>

Arimura¹

1981

Biomed. Res.

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REVIEWThe progress in somatostatin research during the last five years has been striking. In particular, the work in biosynthesis, including isolation of the preprosomatostatin has opened a new phase of research on this hormone. The diversity of somatostatin's actions has been further extended. This diversity, the rapid clearance of somatostatin from the general circulation, and specific degrading enzymes in the tissue suggest that somatostatin's major role is that of a local hormone. The difi"ering effects of a given secretagogue on the release of somatostatin from different organs imply that there are difiering regulatory mechanisms which serve to meet the physiological requirement ofindividual organs. Various analogs with selective suppressive activity have been developed, suggesting the presence of somatostatin receptor subgroups in the target organs or that these analogs have difierent effects on the cascade of intracellular reactions triggered by binding of the analog to the receptor.In spite of such remarkable progress in somatostatin research, many aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of somatostatin still remain obscure.

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Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin

Cited by 166 publications

References 5 publications

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Somatostatin in human pancreatic and gastric juice

<b>RECENT PROGRESS IN SOMATOSTATIN </b><b>RESEARCH </b>

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