Radium and Uranium Concentrations Measurements in Vegetables Samples of Iraq

Hashim, Abdalsattar Kareem; Najam, Laith Ahmed

doi:10.4236/detection.2015.34004

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The levels of uranium concentrations in all studied food crops were lower than the allowed limits for public (1.7 ppm) given by (UNSCEAR) (22,32) . The values of radium content in various types of foodstuffs of other countries are different and as summarised in table 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…As mentioned in (table 3) the levels of UC, RC and RER were the highest in the root vegetables, which included carrot, onion, potato, radish and turnip than another types of leafy vegetables and fruit. This finding is due to the transfer factors of the radioactive materials from the soil to the plant as well as the difference in the nature of the plant (22,31) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of uranium concentration, radium content and radon exhalation rates in food crops consumed in Babil governorate, Iraq

Al-Hamzawi

Kareem

2022

Int J Radiat Res

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Background: This study focuses on the uranium concentration (UC), radium content (RC) and radon exhalation rates (RER) in selected food crops consumed in Babil governorate, in the centre of Iraq. Materials and Methods: Neutron activation technique and sealed cup with CR-39 alpha track detector were used respectively to investigate the natural radioactivity of selected food crops collected from Babil governorate, Iraq. Results: In the current study, the highest UC was found to be 0.0346 ppm in the turnip crop, whereas the lowest value of UC (0.0142 ppm) was found in grape crop. The highest RC was found to be 0.651 Bq/kg in turnip, while the lowest RC (0.169 Bq/kg) was found in the fig crop. The values of RER ranged from 0.016 Bq/m 2 .h found in the fig to 0.065 Bq/m 2 .h found in the turnip. Conclusion: The levels of UC in food crops were lower than 1.7 ppm, the recommended limits of UNSCEAR. A strong direct correlation was found between the UC and RC in selected food crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of uranium concentration, radium content and radon exhalation rates in food crops consumed in Babil governorate, Iraq

Al-Hamzawi

Kareem

2022

Int J Radiat Res

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“…Based on highlights of the study Hakonson-Hayes et al [92], Giri et al [93] and Hashim & Najam [94], it was found that the main way people are exposed to U toxicological and radiological ill-effects is by directly drinking contaminated groundwater, accounting for more than 85-99% of the health risks for human consumers. Considering established safety measures and relying on oral ingestion, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set a Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 0.6 µg/kg body weight per day for soluble U [95].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Uranium In Soil-plant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium and Fluoride Accumulation in Vegetable and Cereal Crops: A Review on Current Status and Crop-Wise Differences

Sachdeva,

Powell,

Nandini

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Uranium (U) and fluoride (F−) contamination in agricultural products, especially vegetable and cereal crops, has raised serious concerns about food safety and human health on a global scale. To date, numerous studies have reported U and F− contamination in vegetable and cereal crops at local scales, but the available information is dispersed, and crop-wise differences are lacking. This paper reviews the current status of knowledge on this subject by compiling relevant published literatures between 1983 and 2023 using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Based on the median values, F− levels ranged from 0.5 to 177 mg/kg, with higher concentrations in non-leafy vegetables, such as Indian squash “Praecitrullus fistulosus” (177 mg/kg) and cucumber “Cucumis sativus” (96.25 mg/kg). For leafy vegetables, the maximum levels were recorded in bathua “Chenopodium album” (72.01 mg/kg) and mint “Mentha arvensis” (44.34 mg/kg), where more than 50% of the vegetable varieties had concentrations of >4 mg/kg. The concentration of U ranged from 0.01 to 17.28 mg/kg; tubers and peels of non-leafy vegetables, particularly radishes “Raphanus sativus” (1.15 mg/kg) and cucumber “Cucumis sativus” (0.42 mg/kg), contained higher levels. These crops have the potential to form organometallic complexes with U, resulting in more severe threats to human health. For cereal crops (based on median values), the maximum F− level was found in bajra “Pennisetum glaucum” (15.18 mg/kg), followed by chana “Cicer arietinum” (7.8 mg/kg) and split green gram “Vigna mungo” (4.14 mg/kg), while the maximum accumulation of U was recorded for barley “Hordeum vulgare” (2.89 mg/kg), followed by split green gram “Vigna mungo” (0.45 mg/kg). There are significant differences in U and F− concentrations in either crop type based on individual studies or countries. These differences can be explained mainly due to changes in geogenic and anthropogenic factors, thereby making policy decisions related to health and intake difficult at even small spatial scales. Methodologies for comprehensive regional—or larger—policy scales will require further research and should include strategies to restrict crop intake in specified “hot spots”.

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“…Radon concentrations C Rn (Bq m −3 ), effective radium content C Ra (Bq kg −1 ), uranium concentration C U (ppm) and exhalation rates in the study area were calculated using equations given in references [7,8,9,10]. Calibration factor CF is calculated using the formula given in reference [11], the calculated value of CF is equal to 0.04891 Track cm -2 d -1 /Bqm -3 .…”

Section: Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Level Measurements in Soil and Sediments at Oil Field Area and Its Impact on the Environment

Amin¹,

Al-Obiady²,

Alwan³

2017

ETJ

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Radium and Uranium Concentrations Measurements in Vegetables Samples of Iraq

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental investigation of uranium concentration, radium content and radon exhalation rates in food crops consumed in Babil governorate, Iraq

Experimental investigation of uranium concentration, radium content and radon exhalation rates in food crops consumed in Babil governorate, Iraq

Uranium and Fluoride Accumulation in Vegetable and Cereal Crops: A Review on Current Status and Crop-Wise Differences

Radon Level Measurements in Soil and Sediments at Oil Field Area and Its Impact on the Environment

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