Radon, Radium, and Uranium in Drinking Water

Cothern, C. Richard

doi:10.1201/9781498710701

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Results have been summarized by J. Longtin [4]. Mostly uranium isotopes, Subsequently extensive studies have been performed both on ground waters feeding public water resources [19][20][21][22], and on spring or bottled mineral waters [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general radium was found to be a problem for some small aqueducts. A screening level of 185 mBq/l for gross alpha activity and 110 mBq/l for 226 Ra was used: non-compliances were found mainly in SouthEast coastal regions (New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) and in the North-Central regions (Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and Wisconsin) [4]. Those non-compliances were mainly due to 226 Ra and the average radium isotope concentration was 370 mBq/l.…”

Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the secular equilibrium is lost for dissolved radionuclides and their concentrations in water are rather independent one from each other. Some general behaviour rules for radioactive elements are given here, mainly gathered from extensive studies run in the US [1,4]: -radionuclides produced by alpha decay are more readily driven out from rock: alpha decay causes the atom to recoil, which reduces atom stability in the lattice (i. 226 Ra on the local geology is not so sharp due to the higher mobility of the radionuclide and of the parent 238 U; -in roughly geologically homogeneous areas, a linear dependence between radium isotope concentration and total dissolved solids can often be found; -radionuclide concentration is higher in ground water than in surface water.…”

Section: Basics Of Natural Radioactivity Transfer To Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Nuccetelli

Rusconi

Forte

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. Introduction. Drinking waters usually contain several natural radionuclides: tritium, radon, radium, uranium isotopes, etc. Their concentrations vary widely since they depend on the nature of the aquifer, namely, the prevailing lithology and whether there is air in it or not. Aims. In this work a broad overview of the radioactivity in drinking water is presented: national and international regulations, for limiting the presence of radioactivity in waters intended for human consumption; results of extensive campaigns for monitoring radioactivity in drinking waters, including mineral bottled waters, carried out throughout the world in recent years; a draft of guidelines for the planning of campaigns to measure radioactivity in drinking water proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) of Lombardia.Key words: radioactivity, drinking water, water quality, public health. Riassunto (Radioattività nell'acqua potabile: le normative, i risultati dei monitoraggi e i problemi di radioprotezione).Introduzione. L'acqua potabile contiene normalmente molti radionuclidi naturali: trizio, radon, isotopi del radio e dell'uranio, ecc. La loro concentrazione è molto variabile perché dipende dalla natura dell'acquifero, dalla presenza di aria in esso e dalla litologia prevalente. Scopi. In questo lavoro è presentata un'ampia rassegna sul tema della radioattività nelle acque potabili: le norme nazionali e internazionali per limitare la presenza di radioattività nell'acqua destinata al consumo umano; i risultati di estese campagne di monitoraggio nelle acque potabili, comprese le acque minerali imbottigliate, condotte nel mondo negli ultimi anni; una proposta di linea guida per la pianificazione di campagne di misura della radioattività nell'acqua potabile elaborata dall'Agenzia Regionale di Protezione Ambientale (ARPA) della Lombardia.Parole chiave: radioattività, acqua potabile, qualità dell'acqua, sanità pubblica.

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Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basics Of Natural Radioactivity Transfer To Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Nuccetelli

Rusconi

Forte

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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“…대부터 지하수의 자연방사성물질에 대한 조사를 시작하였 으며 (USGS, 1962;Health Canada, 1968;Wrenn et al, 1975;Arvela et al, 1979;Hess et al, 1985 (Langmuir, 1978;Wathen, 1987;Wilhelm et al, 1997;Cothern and Rebers, 1990;Banks et al, 1998;Daniel, 2006;David et al, 2009), 이들의 연구 결과에 의하면 우라늄, 라돈 등 자연방사성물질은 화강암 지역의 지하수에서 변성암, 퇴적암, 화산암의 지질에 비하 여 높은 함량을 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다 (Wathen, 1987;Cothern and Rebers, 1990;Banks et al, 1998;David et al, 2009). 화강암과 변성암지역 지하수내 자연방사성물질에 대하여 일부지역에서 연구가 수행되어 왔다 (Cho et al, 2011;2012) …”

Section: 미국을 비롯한 북유럽의 일부 선진국들은 이미 1960년unclassified

Environmental Characteristics of Natural Radionuclides in Groundwaters in Volcanic Rock Areas: Korea

Jeong¹,

Kim²,

Ju³

et al. 2013

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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We analyzed natural radionuclides in 80 wells in volcanic rock areas and investigated environmental characteristics. Uranium and radon concentrations ranged from ND to 9.70 µg/L (median value: 0.21) µg/L, 38~29,222 pCi/L (median value: 579), respectively. In case of gross-α, 26 samples exceeded MDA (minimum detectable activity, < 0.9 pCi/L) value and the activity values ranged from 1.05 to 8.06 pCi/L. The radionuclides concentrations did not exceed USEPA MCL (maximum contaminant level) value of Uranium (30 µg/L) and gross-α (15 pCi/L). But Rn concentrations in 4 samples exceeded USEPA AMCL (Alternative maximum contaminant level, 4,000 pci/L) and one of them showed a significantly higher value (29,222 pCi/L) than the others. The levels of uranium concentrations in volcanic rock aquifer regions were detected in order of andesite, miscellaneous volcanic rocks, rhyolite, basalt aquifer regions. Radon, however, was detected in order of miscellaneous volcanic rocks, rhyolite, andesite, basalt aquifer regions. The correlation coefficient between uranium and radon was r = 0.45, but we found that correlations of radionuclides with in-situ data or major ions were weak or no significant. The correlation coefficient between the depth of wells and uranium concentrations was a slightly higher than that of depth of wells and radons. Radionuclide concentrations in volcanic rock aquifers showed lower levels than those of other rock aquifers such as granite, metamorphic rock aquifers, etc. This result may imply difference of host rock's bearing-radioactive-mineral contents among rock types of aquifers.

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“…이 같은 결과는 외국의 지하수 중 방사성물질에 관한 연구사례와도 일치하는 것으로서 (Lowry et al,, 1987;Wathen, 1987;Cothern and Rebers, 1990;Banks et al, 1998) (Betcher, 1987;Lowry et al, 1987;Wathen, 1987;Cothern and Rebers, 1990;Banks et al, 1998) …”

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Characteristics of Occurrence and Distribution of Natural Radioactive Materials, Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of the Danyang Area

Cho¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Engineering Geology

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Natural radionuclides in groundwater in the Danyang area were investigated to characterize the behaviors of uranium and radon with respect to lithology and physico-chemical components, which can aid our understanding of their occurrence, properties, and origins. To this end, a total of 100 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed, and radionuclide levels were used to construct detailed concentration maps. The water type of the groundwater, assessed using a Piper diagram, is mainly Ca-Na-HCO 3. The concentrations of uranium range from 0.02 to 251.0 µg/L (average, 3.85 µg/L) and only 1% exceed USEPA's MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level). Uranium is enriched in groundwaters of Cretaceous granites and Precambrian metamorphic rocks, whereas it is depleted in groundwaters of sedimentary rocks. The concentrations of radon range from 13 to 28,470 pCi/L (average, 2397 pCi/L). Only 15% of the samples exceed AMCL (Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level) of 4000 pCi/L. The radon concentration is highest in groundwater of Cretaceous granites and lowest in groundwater of sedimentary rocks. In conclusion, the distribution and occurrence of radionuclides are intimately related to the basic geological characteristics of the rocks in which the radiogenic minerals are primarily contained. The behavior of uranium is only weakly related to that of radon (correlation coefficient = 0.15). There are also weak correlations between radionuclides and the main chemical components, pH, EC, Eh, and well depth. Of note, the correlation coefficient between radon and SiO 2 is 0.68, and that between radon and HCO 3 is -0.48. Factor analysis shows that radionuclides behave somewhat independently of each other because there are no significant factors that control the behavior of chemical components as well as radionuclides. The detailed concentration maps during this study will be used to establish useful database of radionuclide distribution and geological properties throughout Korea.

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Radon, Radium, and Uranium in Drinking Water

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Environmental Characteristics of Natural Radionuclides in Groundwaters in Volcanic Rock Areas: Korea

Characteristics of Occurrence and Distribution of Natural Radioactive Materials, Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of the Danyang Area

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