Rainfall in Central Sudan: An asset or a liability?

Hulme, Michael

doi:10.1016/0016-7185(87)90014-5

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concept of climate change is mostly demonstrated by drastic decrease in rainfall, which is the principal climatic variable identified for Africa in the literature. 3−5 Found there are corresponding changes in the atmospheric circulation that is associated with the inter-decadal changes in summer precipitation over Asia and Africa [55][56][57][58][59][60] The decrease in seasonal rainfall induced dramatic consequences on the agricultural production such as severe droughts of years 1970,1980,1984,and 2006 in many West African countries. Increasing drought frequency has the potential to affect land-based natural and managed ecosystems, coastal systems, and both freshwater quality and quantity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches have been adopted for determining the date of onset of the rainy season. 56 used the monthly rainfall minimum threshold of 60 and 30mm, respectively, to determine the onset of the rainy season. Defined the onset of growing season as the first ten day period of 20mm of rain without any consideration of occurrence of any dry spell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73 Used a simple water balance approach consisting of daily potential ET. 56 Defined the onset of the wet season as period of five days (pentad) with at least 25mm of rainfall occurring. Crop ET models could also be used to determine the onset dates of the rainy season.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Precipitation in Togo

Djaman¹,

Sharma²,

Rudnick³

et al. 2017

IJH

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Precipitation is one of the important variables in hydrological cycle and has important application in both irrigated and rainfed agricultural crop production. Better understanding of spatio-temporal variability of precipitation across Togo is important and useful for water users and most agricultural activities. Thus, the objective this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal variation in monthly and annual precipitation across Togo for the period of 1961-2001. Monthly precipitation data was provided by the national direction of meteorology. The performed analysis revealed a decline in annual total precipitation across almost all agro-ecological zones in Togo with the Maritime Region revealed as the driest. Kouma-Konda received the greatest 40 year average annual precipitation in the country with 1714mm. June was the wettest month across Togo. The greatest coefficient of variation (82%) in monthly precipitation was registered in January for the study period. Water management implications could be generated from this study, especially for rural and urban agricultural production zones. Mann Kendall's test was used to understand the temporal variation in precipitation over the period of 40 years. Decreasing trends in annual precipitation are likely to have significant impacts across Togo, where rainfed agriculture is widely practiced. On the other hand, persistent and progressive precipitation deficits are likely to cause recurrent drought and destroy plant cover, increase evapotranspiration, increase surface albedo and, affect other aspects of the water and energy balance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Precipitation in Togo

Djaman¹,

Sharma²,

Rudnick³

et al. 2017

IJH

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“…For example, numerical assessments of the geographical heterogeneities and temporal trends of rainfall are integral to numerous purposes ranging from climate studies to runoff modeling, water resources management, agricultural research 6 , 7 , and risk assessment to natural hazards 8 , 9 . Thus, modeling the spatial–temporal distribution of rainfall and anomalous changes in its patterns can provide valuable, portable information that can be used in combination with other data sets to understand the impact of rainfall distribution and patterns on the society and environment 10 , 11 . Such improved understanding provides better opportunities to study manifold scientific problems such as aquifer recharge assessment and identification of drought–flood cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial–temporal characterization of rainfall in Pakistan during the past half-century (1961–2020)

Ali

Sajjad

Kanwal

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Spatial–temporal rainfall assessments are integral to climate/hydrological modeling, agricultural studies, and water resource planning and management. Herein, we evaluate spatial–temporal rainfall trends and patterns in Pakistan for 1961–2020 using nationwide data from 82 rainfall stations. To assess optimal spatial distribution and rainfall characterization, twenty-seven interpolation techniques from geo-statistical and deterministic categories were systematically compared, revealing that the empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction (EBKRP) technique was best. Hence, EBKRP was used to produce and utilize the first normal annual rainfall map of Pakistan for evaluating spatial rainfall patterns. While the largest under-prediction was estimated for Hunza (− 51%), the highest and lowest rainfalls were estimated for Malam Jaba in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (~ 1700 mm), and Nok-kundi in Balochistan province (~ 50 mm), respectively. A gradual south-to-north increase in rainfall was spatially evident with an areal average of 455 mm, while long-term temporal rainfall evaluation showed a statistically significant (p = 0.05) downward trend for Sindh province. Additionally, downward inter-decadal regime shifts were detected for the Punjab and Sindh provinces (90% confidence). These results are expected to help inform environmental planning in Pakistan; moreover, the rainfall data produced using the optimal method has further implications in several aforementioned fields.

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“…The summer rainfall is a major water resource for the region and is by far the most important climate parameter therein [ Ali et al ., ; Eltahir , ]. However, the Sahelian rainfall undergoes considerable interannual to decadal variability [ Hulme , ; Hulme , ]. Since the devastating Sahelian droughts that ravaged the region during the last three decades of the twentieth century, large efforts from the scientific community have been devoted toward a better understanding of its interannual and interdecadal variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Sahelian‐Sudan moisture: Insights from a moisture‐tracing atmospheric model

et al. 2016

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The summer rainfall across Sahelian‐Sudan is one of the main sources of water for agriculture, human, and animal needs. However, the rainfall is characterized by large interannual variability, which has attracted extensive scientific efforts to understand it. This study attempts to identify the source regions that contribute to the Sahelian‐Sudan moisture budget during July through September. We have used an atmospheric general circulation model with an embedded moisture‐tracing module (Community Atmosphere Model version 3), forced by observed (1979–2013) sea‐surface temperatures. The result suggests that about 40% of the moisture comes with the moisture flow associated with the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and originates from Guinea Coast, central Africa, and the Western Sahel. The Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Peninsula, and South Indian Ocean regions account for 10.2%, 8.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Local evaporation and the rest of the globe supply the region with 20.3% and 13.2%, respectively. We also compared the result from this study to a previous analysis that used the Lagrangian model FLEXPART forced by ERA‐Interim. The two approaches differ when comparing individual regions, but are in better agreement when neighboring regions of similar atmospheric flow features are grouped together. Interannual variability with the rainfall over the region is highly correlated with contributions from regions that are associated with the ITCZ movement, which is in turn linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Our result is expected to provide insights for the effort on seasonal forecasting of the rainy season over Sahelian Sudan.

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Rainfall in Central Sudan: An asset or a liability?

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Precipitation in Togo

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Precipitation in Togo

Spatial–temporal characterization of rainfall in Pakistan during the past half-century (1961–2020)

Sources of Sahelian‐Sudan moisture: Insights from a moisture‐tracing atmospheric model

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