Rainfall kinetic energy–intensity and rainfall momentum–intensity relationships for Cape Verde

Analysis of the relationship between the kinetic energy and intensity of rainfall in Daejeon, Korea

“…In this study we used measured terminal velocity data, whereas other studies, such as Fornis et al (2005), and Sanchez-Moreno et al (2012), determined relationships between erosivity indices and rainfall intensity based on measured raindrop size using a laser disdrometer and calculated the raindrop velocity by empirical V i (m s À1 ) laws (e.g., Laws and Parsons, 1943;Gunn and Kinzer, 1949;Beard and Pruppacher, 1969;Beard, 1976). Experimental V i equations for the relationship between raindrop diameter and velocity were developed under stagnant conditions where air pressure and air temperature remained stable.…”

“…Brodie and Rosewell (2007) suggested that two rainfall erosivity indices, momentum and kinetic energy, were effectively interchangeable when estimating particle washoff. Sanchez-Moreno et al (2012) concluded that both kinetic energy and momentum can be used and are interchangeable with each other for estimation of erosivity. Goebes et al (2014) suggested the use of momentum divided by drop diameter or kinetic energy multiplied by diameter as an erosivity predictor, depending on the soil substrate.…”

“…After the introduction of sophisticated techniques for the measurement of raindrop size and velocity, many workers found that KE time expression is more appropriate than is KE mm to describe the rainfall kinetic energyerainfall intensity relationship because linking KE mm to I includes the statistical flaw of 'spurious self-correlation' (Salles et al, 2002;Sanchez-Moreno et al, 2012). For rainfall momentum per unit area and unit time (M, kg m s À1 m À2 s À1 or N m À2 ), a power-law model relating momentum to rainfall intensity (Park et al, 1983) has been used:…”

Comparison of precipitation measurements by OTT Parsivel<sup>2</sup> and Thies LPM optical disdrometers

“…This is the case, for instance, for soil erosion studies where Thies LPM was used for monitoring rainfall characteristics, most notably the kinetic energy, in relation with splash erosion experiments (Angulo-Martínez et al, 2012;Fernández-Raga et al, 2010), and also in the calibration of the European portable rainfall simulator (Iserloh et al, 2013). Parsivel disdrometers, on the other hand, have been used to determine the kinetic-energy-rainfall-intensity relationship (Petan et al, 2010;Sánchez-Moreno et al, 2012). Both disdrometers were used interchangeably in Slovenia to estimate rainfall parameters, including kinetic energy (Petan et al, 2010;Ciaccioni et al, 2010), and to inter-compare solid precipitation observations in the Tibetan Plateau (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Set-up and calibration of a portable small scale rainfall simulator for assessing soil erosion processes at interrill scale

“…Many studies suggest that rainfall momentum might be an interchangeable or even better rainfall characteristic describing erosivity (Sanchez-Moreno et al, 2012;Brodie and Rosewell, 2007;Salles et al, 2001;Salles and Poesen, 2000). However, studies describing a momentum-intensity relationship are rather scarce.…”