Rainwater storage tank sizing: Case study of a commercial building

Matos, Cristina; Santos, Cristina; Pereira, Sandra; Bentes, Isabel; Imteaz, Monzur Alam

doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.04.004

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A review of the literature revealed that the water balance equation has been accepted and adopted by researchers to simulate the behavior of RWHSs, and to predict their performance [16,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. RWHSs in dense urban areas appear to be economically advantageous [28][29][30]. To understand the energy-saving capacity of RWHSs, Retamal et al [31]; Proença et al [3]; Siddiqi and Anadon [32]; Abdallah and Rosenberg [33] have explored the energy saved due to RWHS system implementation, however, only single RWH sets are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Chiu

Tsai

Chiang

2015

Water

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Current centralized urban water supply depends largely on energy consumption, creating critical water-energy challenge especially for many rapid growing Asian cities. In this context, harvesting rooftop rainwater for non-potable use has enormous potential to ease the worsening water-energy issue. For this, we propose a geographic information system (GIS)-simulation-based design system (GSBDS) to explore how rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) can be systematically and cost-effectively designed as an innovative water-energy conservation scheme on a city scale. This GSBDS integrated a rainfall data base, water balance model, spatial technologies, energy-saving investigation, and economic feasibility analysis based on a case study of eight communities in the Taipei metropolitan area, Taiwan. Addressing both the temporal and spatial variations in rainfall, the GSBDS enhanced the broad application of RWHS evaluations. The results indicate that the scheme is feasible based on the optimal design when both water and energy-savings are evaluated. RWHSs were observed to be cost-effective and facilitated 21.6% domestic water-use savings, and 138.6 (kWh/year-family) energy-savings. Furthermore, the cost of per unit-energy-saving is lower than that from solar PV systems in 85% of the RWHS settings. Hence, RWHSs not only enable water-savings, but are also an alternative OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 6286 renewable energy-saving approach that can address the water-energy dilemma caused by rapid urbanization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Chiu

Tsai

Chiang

2015

Water

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“…Rainwater reticulation system is a framework consisting of gutters, supply pipes, storage tanks, overflow allowance, filters, pumps, pressure vessels, sensors/float switches and electronic controllers [8]. This system collects, conveys and stores harvested rainwater for later use for function such as washing, toilet flushing, bathing, irrigation and sometimes for potable functions [9].…”

Section: Rainwater Reticulation System In Householdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Reticulation Systems to Reduce High Management Costs in Household Buildings

Shikuku¹,

Munala²,

Mugwima³

et al. 2020

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Rainwater harvesting provides an important alternative source of water in household buildings which increases water security in urban areas. However, high energy cost consumption by the rainwater harvesting systems results in higher management costs which may derail the investment viability of these systems in households. This prompted this study to establish ways through which the management cost of rainwater harvesting systems can be minimized in household buildings. A survey of 200 households from Greenspan, Komarock, Utawala, Kileleshwa and Runda in Nairobi County was undertaken as well as data on the type of rainwater harvesting systems, their operation and maintenance cost collected using observation checklists and questionnaires. The findings indicated that rainwater harvesting typologies 1, 2, 4 and 5 had their water pumped from first-level storage to the second-level storage then supplied to usage points by gravity. Whereas, typologies 3 and 6 had their water moved manually and by gravity respectively. On annual operation cost, 100% of households with typology 3 and 6 spent no money whereas, 100%, 75% and 70.6% with typology 4 and 5, 1 and 2 respectively spent Ksh. 1 -5000. On annual maintenance cost, 100%, 93.7% and 77.8% of households with typology 5 and 6, 3 and 4 respectively spent Ksh. 1 -5000 while 25% and 22.2% of households with typology 1 and 2 respectively spent Ksh. 5000 -10,000. Advanced typology 6 with one-level storage point supplies rainwater to all parts of the household by gravity. This eliminates operation costs spent on energy consumption due to pumping of water, thus minimizing overall management cost spent on rainwater harvesting systems in household buildings. How to cite this paper: Shikuku, J., Munala, G., Mugwima, B., Muhoro, T., Gremley, A., Nyakundi, V. and Ali, M. (2020) Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Reticulation Systems to Reduce High Management Costs in Household Buildings. Natural Resources,11,[156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167]

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“…There will be a total parking area of 62.000 m 2 , distributed over four basements and outer surface parking places, corresponding to 2.750 car parking spaces. Matos et al (2014), studied several scenarios of non-potable uses for rainwater harvesting, sizing the rainwater storage tank of commercial area with a big collection roof surface, considering the different possibilities of rainwater use and different periods of regularization (1 year and 7 months regularization). Regularization period is the time-interval wherein the average flow rate used is constant and equal to the average influent flow.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Commercial Building

Matos

Bentes

Santos

et al. 2015

Water Resour Manage

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This research evaluates which is the most cost-efficient rainwater harvesting (RWH) system in a new commercial building located in the north of Portugal, in Braga. Based on the economic analysis, the cost-efficiency of the presented RWH strategies may be considered for the case studied.The results of this research indicate that RWH scenarios proposed are cost-efficient. Considering a 10 % discount rate, the water price charge in the municipally of Braga and the cost of the infrastructures would be enough to make RWH cost-efficient for this option. At this discount rate, the payback period ranges from 2 to 6 years and the internal rate of return would range from 23 to 76 %. If a discount rate of 5 % were considered, the payback periods would be reduced by approximately 1 year.

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Rainwater storage tank sizing: Case study of a commercial building

Cited by 56 publications

References 23 publications

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Designing Rainwater Harvesting Systems Cost-Effectively in a Urban Water-Energy Saving Scheme by Using a GIS-Simulation Based Design System

Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Reticulation Systems to Reduce High Management Costs in Household Buildings

Economic Analysis of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Commercial Building

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