Raman spectroscopic evidence for interfacial interactions in poly(bithiophene)/single-walled carbon nanotube composites

Grafting of oligo-N-vinyl carbazole on single walled carbon nanotubes

“…In the other hand, the D band at 1273 cm À1 and the second order corresponding increase in intensity and undergo a slight up-shift after annealing. These bands are considered as an indication of disorder in the graphite lattice or defects in nanotubes [34]. Table 1 Assignments and band intensities in infrared spectra, I: intensity, t: frequency, VW: very weak, W: weak, M: mean, S: strong, VS: very strong.…”

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

“…Furthermore, the chemical peak shifts in Raman/ FTIR can be used to distinguish the VDW interactions between the nanotubes in the bundle [104,105], the hydrogen Fig. 7 Optical images of PMMA droplets on a as-received, b oxidized, and c CNT-grafted carbon fibers [94] [106], and covalent bonding between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix [107].…”

Composites Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes

“…However, using Raman spectroscopy in the anti-Stokes branch, new opportunities for CP/CNT composites have emerged in the nonlinear optics field. Such an example has been recently published [190]. Therefore, an extension of Raman spectroscopy studies in the antiStokes branch is expected in the cases of both conducting polymers, and composites based on polymers and carbon nanoparticles, in view of new applications.…”

“…Three of them deal with the electrochemical properties [187,188] and the use of this composite material in the fabrication of photovoltaic devices with a high open-circuit voltage [189]. The last article, dated 2009, is devoted to the molecular structure of the composite resulting from the electrochemical polymerization of 2,2 0 -bithiophene on SWNTs in the presence of TBABF 4 [190]. It is shown that: (i) the electrochemical polymerization of BTh on SWNT films leads to the formation of two reaction products, doped PBTh-functionalized SWNTs and undoped PBTh-functionalized SWNTs; and (ii) the functionalization process of SWNTs with PBTh involves the formation of new covalent C-S bonds between the two constituents, which induce steric hindrance effects in macromolecular chains [190].…”

“…[178], it has also been demonstrated that an additional enhancement of the Raman signal of PEDOT occurs, as a result of a resonant excitation of plasmons in metallic nanotubes. In 2009, a detailed Raman study concerning the excitation of plasmons in metallic SWNTs was evidenced by an abnormal anti-Stokes Raman scattering of poly (2,2 0 -bithiophene) [190]. In this last case, significant steric hindrance effects were reported using ATR-IR spectroscopy, as a result of the bonding of thiophene ring onto the CNT surface, with new C-S covalent bonds being formed.…”