Raman Spectroscopy: A Noninvasive Analysis Tool for the Discrimination of Human Skin Cells

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides signi¯cant advantages of high resolution (approaching the histopathology level) real-time imaging of tissues without use of contrast agents. Based on these advantages, the microstructural features of tumors can be visualized and detected intra-operatively: However, it is still not clinically accepted for tumor margin delineation due to poor speci¯city and accuracy. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy (RS) can obtain tissue information at the molecular level, but does not provide real-time imaging capability. Therefore, combining OCT and RS could provide synergy. To this end, we present a tissue analysis and classi¯cation method using both the slope of OCT intensity signal vs depth and the principle components from the RS spectrum as the indicators for tissue characterization. The goal of this study was to understand prediction accuracy of OCT and combined OCT/RS method for classi¯cation of optically similar tissues and organs. Our pilot experiments were performed on mouse kidneys, livers, and small intestines (SIs). The prediction accuracy with¯ve-fold cross validation of the method has been evaluated by the support vector machine (SVM) method. The results demonstrate that tissue characterization based on the OCT/RS method was superior compared to using OCT structural information alone. This combined OCT/RS method k Corresponding authors.

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“…Finally, the confusion table is achieved, and then, the accuracy can be computed according to the confusion table. 24 …”

Section: Characterization Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of tissue analysis and classification using optical coherence tomography combined with Raman spectroscopy

Liu

Lü

et al. 2015

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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“…In skin transplantation, an existing vasculature supports a rapid anastomosis of donor skin to the host's vasculature (inosculation), Cell isolation and culture Human epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal fibroblasts and human microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from foreskin biopsies according to previously published protocols (Groeber et al, 2013;Pudlas et al, 2011;Rossi et al, 2015). After isolation, keratinocytes were cultured in Keratinocyte Growth Medium (KGM) supplemented with KGM supplement mix (both from PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Life Technologies GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A first vascularized skin equivalent for as an alternative to animal experimentation

Groeber

Engelhardt

Lange

et al. 2016

ALTEX

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whereas for tissue-engineered skin implants, new vessels must be formed by angiogenesis, which delays graft integration (Young et al., 1996). Consequently, bio-engineered skin implants are more likely to be rejected. In addition, the cutaneous vasculature is crucial for several physiological and pathophysiological processes including the development of skin diseases, wound healing, metastasizing of malignant melanoma, tumor-angiogenesis, autoand alloimmune-phenomena, and the transdermal penetration of substances. Taken together, non-vascularized skin models are of limited value with regard to their ability to reflect the physiological conditions of a full organ. In the absence of a model that represents the physiological conditions of a full organ, there remains a scientific and medical need for animal models.To overcome these limitations, endothelial cells can be seeded into the dermal part of full-thickness skin equivalents, which results in the alignment of endothelial cells to vessel-like struc- IntroductionTissue-engineered, three-dimensional skin equivalents are capable of mimicking key anatomical, metabolic, cellular and functional aspects of native human skin. Thus, they can be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems instead of animal models in basic research (Groeber et al., 2011). Generally, two types of tissue-engineered skin models are available, being representatives of either the epidermis alone (reconstructed human epidermis) or the dermal and epidermal layer (full-thickness skin equivalents) (De Wever et al., 2013). In spite of recent progress, the use of current skin equivalents for medical purposes and as test systems remains limited owing to the lack of a functional vasculature.In skin transplantation, an existing vasculature supports a rapid anastomosis of donor skin to the host's vasculature (inosculation), Research SummaryTissue-engineered skin equivalents mimic key aspects of the human skin and can thus be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems as an alternative to animal models. However, current skin equivalents lack a functional vasculature, limiting clinical and research applications. This study demonstrates the generation of a vascularized skin equivalent with a perfused vascular network by combining a biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc) based on a decellularized segment of porcine jejunum and a tailored bioreactor system. The BioVaSc was seeded with human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human microvascular endothelial cells. After 14 days at the air-liquid interface, hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistological staining revealed a specific histological architecture representative of the human dermis and epidermis, including a papillary-like architecture at the dermal-epidermal-junction. The formation of the skin barrier was measured non-destructively using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, endothelial cells lined the walls of the formed vessels that could be perfused with a physiological volume flow...

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“…1). 11 Due to the fact that the laser focus has to be set near the glass bottom, the influence of the interfering glass signal is rather high, causing masking of the actual sample signal. Consequently, the sample signal might be minimized or even eliminated during a subsequent background subtraction.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Votteler

Berrio

Pudlas

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Raman Spectroscopy: A Noninvasive Analysis Tool for the Discrimination of Human Skin Cells

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

Improvement of tissue analysis and classification using optical coherence tomography combined with Raman spectroscopy

Improvement of tissue analysis and classification using optical coherence tomography combined with Raman spectroscopy

A first vascularized skin equivalent for as an alternative to animal experimentation

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

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