Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence for the detection of liver cancer and abnormal liver tissue

Abstract

In this paper, laser induced human serum Raman spectra of liver cancer are measured. The spectra in serum differences between normal people and liver cancer patients are analyzed. For the typical spectrum of normal serum, there are three sharp Raman peaks and relative intensity of Raman peaks excited by 514.5 nm is higher than that excited by 488.0 nm. However, for the Raman spectrum of liver cancer serum there are no peaks or very weak Raman peaks at the same positions. To liver cirrhosis, the shape of Raman peak is similar to normal and fluorescence spectrum is similar to that of liver cancer from statistic data. The results from more than two hundred case measurements show that the spectral diagnosis was in good agreement with the clinical result. Moreover, the liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis were studied using the technology of LIF. The experiment indicates that the blue shift of fluorescence peak difference between the normal, liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis were observed. These results have important reference values to explore the method of laser spectrum diagnosis.

Simple and robust diagnosis of early, small and AFP-negative primary hepatic carcinomas: an integrative approach of serum fluorescence and conventional blood tests

“…A few reports have shown that the serum autofluorescence produced by native fluorescent substances in the blood may be used to diagnose liver cancer [ 10 – 12 ]. The laser-induced serum Raman spectra of patients with liver cancer differed from those of cirrhosis patients or normal subjects [ 11 ], and this difference was diagnostically significant for liver cancer [ 10 ]. However, the principle component of the spectra could not discriminate cirrhosis patients with and without HCC [ 12 ].…”

“…It is well known that the sensitivity and/or specificity of a single biomarker for tumor diagnosis are invariably inadequate. Thus, the combination of several biomarkers for diagnosis is a reasonable strategy by which to address this problem [ 11 ]. Interestingly, the combination of conventional blood tests is useful for predicting [ 16 ] and diagnosing [ 17 ] HCC, especially when combined with AFP.…”

Texture analysis of liver cirrhosis

“…Sınıflandırıcı olarak DVM kullanarak bölgeleri hemanjiyom, hepatom veya siroz olarak sınıflandırmışlardır [8]. Daha bir çok uygulamada değişik tip görüntüleme teknikleri ve sınıflandırma yöntemleri kullanılarak karaciğer sirozu sınıflandırmaları yapılmıştır [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”