Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for fast characterization of the chemical composition of perivascular adipose tissue

Abstract

One of the new targets of untapped therapeutic potential is perivascular adipose tissue (pVAT). Based on Raman spectroscopy we demonstrated that the lipid unsaturation degree was clearly distinct in various types of adipose tissues, in particular thoracic and abdominal pVATs, and was influenced by the age of animals.

Distinct Chemical Changes in Abdominal but Not in Thoracic Aorta upon Atherosclerosis Studied Using Fiber Optic Raman Spectroscopy

“…The presence of hemoproteins is revealed by characteristic bands at 1585, 1131, and 751 cm −1 and the increased fluorescence background (532 nm excitation was used) [ 53 , 54 ]. As it was previously reported [ 45 ], the averaged Raman spectra of the adipose tissue reflect the typical profile of unsaturated triacylglycerols [ 28 ] that are main components in the adipose tissue ( Figure 4 A). Additionally, in line with our previous study [ 45 ], the unsaturation level of the adipose tissue for the control group follows the order eWAT > AA > TA.…”

“…The antiatherogenic effect can be obtained by stimulating BAT and conversion of the adipose tissue phenotype toward the brown one (‘beiging’). Importantly, PVAT also possesses a considerably different and convertible phenotype depending on the localization and age [ 45 , 52 ] and, additionally, is in a direct contact with the vessel wall, which may enhance its paracrine effect [ 11 ].…”

“…Moreover, we have also recently used fiber optic probe Raman spectroscopy as an efficient tool for diagnostic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a contraindication in a liver transplant [ 44 ]. We have also shown that due to significant Raman cross section for lipids, this methodology is very suitable for studying PVAT [ 45 ]. Our results demonstrated that the lipid unsaturation degree was clearly distinct in various types of the adipose tissue (WAT, BAT, TA, AA, and the mesenteric PVAT) and was influenced by the age of animals clearly indicating that aging has a considerable impact on the PVAT’s chemical composition [ 45 ].…”

“…We have also shown that due to significant Raman cross section for lipids, this methodology is very suitable for studying PVAT [ 45 ]. Our results demonstrated that the lipid unsaturation degree was clearly distinct in various types of the adipose tissue (WAT, BAT, TA, AA, and the mesenteric PVAT) and was influenced by the age of animals clearly indicating that aging has a considerable impact on the PVAT’s chemical composition [ 45 ]. To prove applicability of Raman-based methodology to study PVAT of internal mammary artery (IMA) or other grafted vessels for purposes of intraoperative diagnostics, fiber optic Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize lipid unsaturation and carotenoid content in PVAT of IMA of patients ( n = 10) with advanced atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale, CCS II or III) undergoing the coronary artery bypass surgery [ 46 ].…”

Raman fingerprints as promising markers of cellular senescence and aging

“…Multivariate statistics were able to classify spectra from human oral buccal mucosa into young and physiologically aged individuals, without inferering with the classification of Raman spectra based on tobacco-related changes (Sahu et al 2012). Alterations in lipid composition due to aging were also examined in murine perivascular adipose tissue using Raman microspectroscopy and a Raman fiber optic probe (Czamara et al 2018). Aging-related oxidative damage in mouse oocytes leading to developmental abnormalities was studied via Raman microspectroscopy aiming towards the use of this method in assisted reproductive treatment in humans (Bogliolo et al 2013).…”