Randomized Clinical Trial on Evaluation of The Effect of Bergamot oil on Treatment of Ring Worm Infection in Calves and Cats

Abstract

All samples were subjected to microscopy, antigen detection, culture and PCR. Twenty six of the isolates obtained by culture were further subjected to MLST genotyping method on ABI 3130 Genetic analyzer.Results: Of the 150 suspected patients 47 were positive by culture. 43.43% of the isolates were from HIV + ve patents. Comparing the Latex agglutination and PCR techniques using culture as the gold standard, they gave a sensitivity of 91.49% and 100% respectively and a specificity of 92.92% and 87.38%. Latex agglutination and PCR detected an additional seven patients 13 patients respectively which were not detected by culture. The predominant molecular type was VNI (96.15%). Only one isolate was of VNII. The phylogenetic analysis showed three major clusters.Conclusion: Cryptococcal meningitis a critical illness in patients on antiretroviral therapy. There could be a role of developing vaccines directed against VNI genotype of C. neoformans for the management of patents with HIV infection. http://dx.Background: Pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have a high risk of invasive fungal infection. Due to the excellent results from prospective studies in adults, we have been using posaconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients for several years now. In addition to posaconazole oral suspension, posaconazole has recently been formulated as a tablet. In this analysis safety, feasibility, initial data on efficacy and posaconazole serum concentrations of posaconazole suspension were compared to posaconazole tablet in pediatric patients after HSCT.Methods & Materials: 52 pediatric patients with hematooncological malignancies with a median age of 11 years (range 6 months -21 years) that received posaconazole as antifungal pro-phylaxis after allogeneic HSCT were analyzed. Of the 52 patients, 31 received posaconazole suspension and 21 received posaconazole tablet up to a maximum of 200 days after HSCT. Posaconazole trough levels were analyzed on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and four weeks after start with posaconazole.Results: No possible, probable or proven invasive fungal infection occurred in both groups. On every analyzed time point after start of antifungal prophylaxis the trough levels were significantly higher in the tablet group compared to the suspension group. For example: day 3 suspension group (median 133 ng/ml, mean 156 ± 81 ng/ml, range 45-312 ng/ml) vs. tablet group (median 516 ng/ml, mean 656 ± 385 ng/ml, range 224 -1383 ng/ml) P<0.0001; day 7 suspension group (median 252 ng/ml, mean 390 ± 459 ng/ml, range 54 -2441 ng/ml) vs. tablet group (median 710 ng/ml, mean 910 ± 528 ng/ml, range 329-2227 ng/ml) P < 0.0001; day 14 suspension group (median 529 ng/ml, mean 643 ± 493 ng/ml, range 115-2081 ng/ml) vs. tablet group (median 834 ng/ml, mean 1076 ± 628 ng/ml, range 404-3060 ng/ml) P = 0.0031; 4 weeks suspension group (median 634 ng/ml, mean 732 ± 408 ng/ml, range 290-1664 ng/ml) vs. tablet group (median 1367 ng/ml, mean 1720 ± 973 ng/ml, range 582-4066 ng/ml) P = 0.0001.Co...

Biological Activities and Safety of Citrus spp. Essential Oils

“…It was also reported to have antifungal effects against dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton , Microsporum , and Epidermophyton [ 146 ]. It could be used in the treatment of dermatophytosis in animals [ 147 ]. The mechanism underlying its antimicrobial and antifungal effect is thought to be via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, relevant to its action in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes [ 132 ].…”