Randomized Trial on the Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Training of the Upper Extremity Using Robotics With Individuals After Chronic Stroke

Hinojosa, Jim; Rao, Ashwini K.; Batavia, Mitchell; O’Dell, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.005

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…13 studies finally satisfied the inclusion criteria. Considering patients with CNS disorders [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and patients with MSK disorders [55][56][57]. The PRISMA flow diagram representing the screening process is reported in Figure 1.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the participants' sample, one RCT and four q-RCT enrolled 150 people with sub-acute stroke [45,[49][50][51]54], one q-RCT enrolled 28 people with acute stroke [53], one RCT and three q-RCT enrolled 79 people with Idiopathic Parkinson [46][47][48]52], a RCT enrolled 16 people after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) [57] and two RCT enrolled 76 people with ankle sprain [55,56]. The sample size was limited in all the studies (16-42 subjects) and there were heterogeneous ages.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies compared verbal instructions that direct the focus externally with verbal instructions that direct the focus internally in these main tasks: balance task [46,47,52,55,56]; lateral body weight shift [50]; darts throw [48]; reach-to-grasp [45,49]; single leg stepping [51]; tracing a trajectory [53,54]; single leg jump [57]. On average, the studies had duration of 1.54 days (range: 1-2 days) with 27 repetitions (range: 3-96 repetitions).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, the studies had duration of 1.54 days (range: 1-2 days) with 27 repetitions (range: 3-96 repetitions). Only one study presented a longer duration (28 days) and a higher number of repetitions (max 960) [54].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outcomes considering the kinematic and kinetic variables were peak elbow extension, peak shoulder flexion and peak trunk flexion [49], knee flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee flexion angle, flexion range of motion (ROM), knee valgus angle at initial contact, peak knee valgus angle, valgus ROM [57], joint independence [54].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review

Piccoli¹,

Rossettini²,

Cecchetto

et al. 2018

JFMK

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Exercise is one of the main rehabilitative interventions, commonly used to improve performance and motor learning. During the application of attentional focus strategies, External Focus of Attention (EFA) aiming at the movement effect has been reported to have more efficacy than Internal Focus of Attention (IFA) aiming at movement characteristics in healthy subjects. There are not many studies that compare the EFA and IFA instructions in people with Musculoskeletal (MSK) and Central Nervous System disorders (CNS). The purpose of this systematic review is to determine if IFA or EFA, in patients with CNS or MSK, may improve performance and have some effects on motor learning. Databases used for research: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PsycINFO, SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria: Randomized Controlled Trial, quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial, enrolled subjects with CNS or with MSK and compared the efficacy of EFA and IFA. The studies suggest that the EFA is better than IFA in affecting the movement execution in patients with MSK, while conflicted findings emerge in presence of CNS disorders. Studies included in the qualitative analysis showed heterogeneous methodological features in study design and conductance, so results must be interpreted with caution.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review

Piccoli¹,

Rossettini²,

Cecchetto

et al. 2018

JFMK

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An external focus promotes motor learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments

Samadi,

Abedanzadeh,

Norouzi

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Research has shown that external relative to internal focus (IF) instructions may improve motor performance as well as cognitive function (e.g., attentional stability and task‐focus). The aim of the study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on skill acquisition and learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments. The participants (N = 39, Mage = 17.87 ± 1.88 years) performed a bowling task with their dominant hand to knock down as many pins as possible. On day 1, they were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups; IF (focus on your throwing hand), external focus (EF) (focus on the pins), and control (no‐focus) instructions. Each participant performed 36 trials, divided into 3 blocks of 12 trials. Attentional focus instructions were given before each block, with a brief reminder provided after each 3 trials. On day 2, retention and transfer (further distance) tests were performed. Results showed that while there were no significant differences between groups in the pre‐test, the EF group outperformed both IF and control groups in retention and transfer tests. No significant difference was found between the control and IF. The findings suggest that the advantages of the external relative to the IF and no‐focus instructions may generalize to individuals with hearing impairments.

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Care Should Be Exercised When Titling Articles So as to Not Mislead Readers

Callahan

2018

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Randomized Trial on the Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Training of the Upper Extremity Using Robotics With Individuals After Chronic Stroke

Abstract: Objective: To compare the long-term effects of external focus (EF) and internal focus (IF) of attention after 4 weeks of arm training.

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review

Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review

An external focus promotes motor learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments

Care Should Be Exercised When Titling Articles So as to Not Mislead Readers

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