Rank-based biomarker index to assess cadmium ecotoxicity on the earthworm Eisenia andrei

Panzarino, Onofrio; Hyršl, Pavel; Dobeš, Pavel; Vojtek, Libor; Vernile, Pasqua; Bari, G.; Terzano, Roberto; Spagnuolo, Matteo; Lillo, Enrico de

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.077

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The comet assay is widely used in ecotoxicology to detect the level of primary DNA damage and the damage to DNA in a single coelomocyte may be assessed directly [40]. In the investigation of the oxidative stress potential of DEHP and its consequences in testicular cells, geno-toxicity potential has been found to be clearly affected although its main metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), was found to be more potent than the parent compound [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a dominant phthalic acid ester (PAE) that has aroused public concern due to its resistance to degradation and its toxicity as an endocrine-disrupting compound. Effects of different concentrations of DEHP on Eisenia fetida in spiked natural soil have been studied in the body of the earthworm by means of soil cultivation tests 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after exposure. The results indicated that, in general, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, metallothionein (MT) content, the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and all the tested geno-toxicity parameters are promoted as time elapses and with increasing concentration of DEHP. However, peroxidase (POD) activity, neutral red retention time (NRRT) and mitochondrial membrane potential difference values were found to decrease even at a low concentration of DEHP of 1 mg kg-1 soil (p<0.05). Clear toxic effects of DEHP on E. fetida have been generally recognized by means of the disturbance of antioxidant enzyme activity/content and critical proteins, cell membrane and organelle disorder and DNA damage estimated by length of tail, tail DNA ratio, and tail moment parameters. A concentration of DEHP of 3 mg kg-1 may be recommended as a precaution against the potential risk of PAEs in soils and for indicating suitable threshold values for other soil animals and soil micro-organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…MTs are small cysteine rich proteins, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes, inducible by Cd, and responsible for heavy metal detoxification [13]. It has already been shown that at low Cd concentrations MDA and MT are the most discriminating biomarkers [38]. Recently a putative role for PC in heavy metal detoxification has been proposed in earthworms [14,16,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced DNA damage has been recorded for E . andrei exposed to 100 mg/kg Cd for 14 days [42] and to Cd concentrations higher than 250 mg/kg for 28 days but only at 15°C exposure temperature [43]. In contrast to that, several studies reported a dose-dependent increase of DNA damage in E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low levels of Cd induce persisting epigenetic modifications and acclimation mechanisms in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

2017

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Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), a common soil pollutant, are still not very well understood, particularly in regard to its epigenetic impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess DNA methylation changes and their persistence in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris upon chronic low dose Cd exposure using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). Moreover, the biomarker response and fitness of the earthworms, as well as the expression of detoxification-related genes (metallothionein (MT) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS)) was evaluated. Low levels of Cd caused an increase in genome-wide DNA methylation, which remained partly modified, even after several months of recovery in unpolluted soil. Increased cellular stress seemed to decrease after two weeks of exposure whereas fitness parameters remained unaffected by Cd, probably as a result from the activation of detoxification mechanisms like the expression of MTs. Interestingly, even though the level of Cd exposure was very low, MT expression levels indicate the development of acclimation mechanisms. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acclimation, as well as epigenetic modifications can occur already in moderately polluted environments. In addition, these effects can have long-lasting impacts on key species of soil invertebrates and might persist long after the actual heavy metal challenge has passed.

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“…Oxidative stress is usually monitored by assessing lipid peroxidation and measuring antioxidant enzymes. [103] Although exposing celomocytes to metallic NP can lead to ROS production, [104] it is still controversial whether such effect can be ascribed to NP or to released metal ions. Celomocytes exposed to metal-based NP (Ag and carbon) show modulated expression of oxidative stress genes and induction of ROS production.…”

Section: Nanomaterials and Activation Of Innate Immune Genes/factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species

Boraschi

Alijagić

Auguste

et al. 2020

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The interaction of a living organism with external foreign agents is a central issue for its survival and adaptation to the environment. Nanosafety should be considered within this perspective, and it should be examined that how different organisms interact with engineered nanomaterials (NM) by either mounting a defensive response or by physiologically adapting to them. Herein, the interaction of NM with one of the major biological systems deputed to recognition of and response to foreign challenges, i.e., the immune system, is specifically addressed. The main focus is innate immunity, the only type of immunity in plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates, and that coexists with adaptive immunity in higher vertebrates. Because of their presence in the majority of eukaryotic living organisms, innate immune responses can be viewed in a comparative context. In the majority of cases, the interaction of NM with living organisms results in innate immune reactions that eliminate the possible danger with mechanisms that do not lead to damage. While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified.

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Rank-based biomarker index to assess cadmium ecotoxicity on the earthworm Eisenia andrei

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels

Toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels

Low levels of Cd induce persisting epigenetic modifications and acclimation mechanisms in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species

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