Rapid analytical method for characterization and quantification of microplastics in tap water using a Fourier-transform infrared microscope

Mukotaka, Arata; Kataoka, Tomoya; Nihei, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148231

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To avoid contamination, the full ramp of stainless steel filtration sieves can be connected by metal junctions to stainless steel valves that collect the water samples from gravity feeds or pressurized supplies [6] . Tap water has also been collected using the water supply cabinets established to perform other conventional analyses in drinking water or within the pipes and lines by in-line filtration of high volumes through nylon or stainless steel filters placed in different holder designs [48,52,55,68,71] . Although nets are the most described way to sample other types of surface and marine waters, the use of plankton nets is reported very few times for drinking water reservoirs [50,61] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important problem with drinking water is the presence of mineral salts. However, many works do not emphasize this issue [43,44,[46][47][48]55] . Some studies used HCl, HNO 3 , or H 2 SO 4 to remove CaCO 3 and iron or EDTA to sequester mineral salts in general.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong acids also have an oxidizing effect on organic matter present in water, but the oxidant par excellence is hydrogen peroxide with or without Fe(II) to accelerate the reaction (Fenton reagent). Hydrogen peroxide can be added directly to water [43] , although it is most commonly added to the MPs after they have been separated from the sample [45,49,50,[54][55][56]61,67,70,72] . Furthermore, enzymatic proteolytic digestion has been described once [6] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, enzymatic proteolytic digestion has been described once [6] . Density separation involves mostly ZnCl 2 [37,43,47,55,61,69] , NaCl [45] , 3Na 2 WO 4 •9WO 2 •H 2 O [52] , and the use of organic solvent (dichloromethane) [72] . The recovery of MPs is conditioned by the density of solutions, especially for heavier MPs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has also been applied, but to a lesser extent [54] . However, the most used technique in the reviewed studies is optical microscopy, especially stereomicroscopy, due to its acceptable capacity for detecting small particles, affordability, availability, and simplicity [46][47][48][49][50][51]55,56,61,[63][64][65]70,71] . Several studies described the use of fluorescence microscopy to determine MPs, which are not fluorescent, and, therefore, it is necessary to stain them with a fluorophore, such as 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (PBN) [53] , Rose Bengal [58] , or Nile red [61,62] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects

Picó¹,

Manzoor²,

Soursou³

et al. 2022

Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics

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Aim: The commonly used analytical methods for microplastic (MPs) detection in drinking water and the threat of MP pollution in water intended for human consumption to human beings are presented through a systematic review. Furthermore, MP occurrence, transport, and fate from raw to treated drinking water, tap water, and bottled water, as well as the possible health impacts of MPs on human beings, are also evaluated. Methods: Systematic review included articles published in scientific journals that contain specific keywords in the title and were searched in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. The literature was selected and extracted by two reviewers based on the PRISMA-A guidelines, which recommend including 57 items. Results: The experimental studies pointed out that sampling is performed using grab or reduced samples, and sample treatment involves mostly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and density separation. The minimum sample size obtainable in the extraction and the maximum density of the polymer separable from the matrix provided different results. Clearly, the determination of MPs involves the simultaneous application of several analytical techniques, including optical, fluorescence, and electronic microscopies, µFTIR, µ-Raman, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The determination technique also provides different results according to the sensitivity as well as the minimum size determinable. These studies are mostly devoted to establishing the occurrence, transport, and fate within the supply network, the efficiency in removal of MPs from drinking water by treatment plants, and the risk to humans. The MP concentration in drinking water reservoirs is highly variable. However, tap water always presents lower concentrations of MPs than the water that enters the drinking water treatment plants because the different treatments are efficient at removing MPs. Although it has not been fully demonstrated that MPs are toxic to humans, the effects point to oxidative stress, gastrointestinal irritation, microbiome irregularities, and changes in lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Analytical methods present some common features as a first step towards harmonization. However, it is still unknown whether the analytical methods could influence the disparity of the results. The MP concentration in drinking water is low in comparison to other types of water. MPs are not exempt from hazards to human health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects

Picó¹,

Manzoor²,

Soursou³

et al. 2022

Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics

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Development of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membrane for microplastic removal from water

Gopakumar,

Ccanccapa‐Cartagena,

Bell

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents the development of an innovative nanofibrous membrane to remove microplastics (MPs) from drinking water. This membrane exhibits additional functionality in removing lead (Pb), highlighting its promising potential for utilization as a point‐of‐use (POU) device. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes are crosslinked using glutaraldehyde, and their efficiencies in the removal of MPs are evaluated. The results show that crosslinking the 7 and 10 wt% PVA nanofibers increases their average diameters to 330 and 581 nm, respectively, and enhances their surface area. The treatment efficiency of crosslinked PVA fibrous media is evaluated using polyethylene (PE) (5 μm ≤d ≤ 25 μm) and polystyrene (PS) MPs (d ≤ 1 μm). The filtration efficiencies of both 7 and 10 wt% c‐PVA nanofibrous media are found to be 99.8% ± 0.1% in the removal of PE MPs at pH 8. Further examination of the filtration efficiency in the removal of PS MPs shows that the highest removal efficiency achieved was 77.3% ± 1.4% at a pH of 6. Additionally, the lead removal efficiency of this fibrous membrane in flow‐through experiments is examined. Results show a pH‐dependent lead removal efficiency, in which the greatest efficiency of 69% is found at pH 6.

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Chemical and microbiological safety of drinking water in distribution networks made of plastic pipes

Świetlik,

Magnucka

2023

WIREs Water

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In recent years, metal alloys used for drinking water distribution are gradually being replaced by PVC and HDPE pipes. In areas of distribution networks made of plastic, consumer complaints related to a significant deterioration of organoleptic parameters of water are frequently recorded. The decline in water quality is most likely the result of chemical and biological processes occurring on the inner walls of the transmission pipes coexisting with the disappearance of disinfectant residues. Plastic pipes are also characterized by high failure rates associated with aging of polymeric materials under operating conditions. Published reports indicate disturbing phenomena occurring in plastic pipes: oxidative aging of polymers, degradation of antioxidant coatings, release of organic compounds to water as well as surface damage and scaling, generating microplastic particles. PE and PVC networks are also susceptible to biofilm formation, characterized by a high phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms. Studies presented in the literature, indicating the risks resulting from the exploitation of PE and PVC pipes, are mainly based on model tests. There is a lack of works, which would complementarily explain all the phenomena occurring in working water pipes made of plastics. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomena and processes that can occur in PE and PVC pipes in service and their relevance to the safety and quality of drinking water in distribution networks, as well as to identify areas that require further analysis to enable water producers to deliver an appropriately high‐quality product to consumers.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Science of Water > Water Quality Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

show abstract

Rapid analytical method for characterization and quantification of microplastics in tap water using a Fourier-transform infrared microscope

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects

Microplastics in water, from treatment process to drinking water: analytical methods and potential health effects

Development of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membrane for microplastic removal from water

Chemical and microbiological safety of drinking water in distribution networks made of plastic pipes

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