Rapid and multiregional adaptation to host partial resistance in a plant pathogenic oomycete: Evidence from European populations of Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew

Simultaneous quantification of sporangia and zoospores in a biotrophic oomycete with an automatic particle analyzer: Disentangling dispersal and infection potentials

“…It corresponds to the number of spores produced per lesion and per unit time (Alizon et al, 2009;Pariaud et al, 2009). In oomycetes, estimates of spore production are based on sporangium production rates, which have been shown to vary with host genotype (Delmotte et al, 2014;Rouxel et al, 2013), ecological environment (Davidson et al, 2011), exposure to fungicides (Stein and Kirk, 2003) and host physiological status (Cohen and Rotem, 1970). However, in most of oomycetes, the sporangia are not the propagules actually responsible for infection success (exceptions include Peronospora sp.…”

“…An automatic particle counter can therefore be used to count these propagules separately considering their size differences. Until now, this device has been successfully used to count and size oomycete sporangia (Flier et al, 2003;Clément et al, 2010;Peressotti et al, 2010a;Peressotti et al, 2010b;Delmotte et al, 2014).…”

Can Pl Resistance Gene in Sunflower Line D4 be Used to Differentiate the Pathogenicity in Four Plasmopara halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew) Races 304, 314, 704 and 714?

“…However, a recent study has demonstrated that trade-offs do exist in plant pathogens, as found between latency period and spore production capacity in wheat brown rust (Pariaud et al, 2012). However, for another Oomycete Plasmopara viticola, Delmotte et al (2014) found evidence for a trade-off between the size and the number of sporangia produced within P. viticola. In the same pathosystem, Sakr (2011c) found a relationship between a life-history trait (viability of zoosporangia) and aggressiveness in P. halstedii.…”

A critical review of plant protection tools for reducing pesticide use on grapevine and new perspectives for the implementation of IPM in viticulture

“…Alternative approaches to R-genes may be based on susceptibility genes (Sgenes), in which loss of function results in recessively inherited resistance (Pessina et al, 2016). In any event, with the increase in the acreage of partially resistant varieties grown, the evolution of pathogen populations responding to new host plant selective pressure will require further monitoring (Delmotte et al, 2014). In conclusion, new resilient or resistant cultivars should be considered important tools to be integrated in the IPM framework, rather than a stand-alone solution .…”