Rapid and non-destructive quality verification of epoxy resin product using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods

Zhang, Wenqing; Yin, Liang; Zhao, Ming; Tan, Zhaoyuan; Li, Guiyang

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106397

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The curing of the prepared cellulose/epoxy composites was confirmed by FT-IR. All of the FT-IR curves were normalized according to the vibration peak of phenol rings in the epoxy resin, which was not changed during the curing . In addition, the hydroxyl content could be reflected by the ratio between the vibration peak of hydroxyl groups and phenol rings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the FT-IR curves were normalized according to the vibration peak of phenol rings in the epoxy resin, which was not changed during the curing. 43 In addition, the hydroxyl content could be reflected by the ratio between the vibration peak of hydroxyl groups and phenol rings. As shown in Figure S7, no peaks characteristic of epoxy groups could be found in all three samples, indicating that all curing systems were fully reacted.…”

Section: Ft-ir Characterization Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Toughening Effect toward Epoxy Resin

Guo

Cheng

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is regarded as a potential filler in the fabrication of epoxy composites. However, MCC’s hydrophilic nature and strong hydrogen bonds caused by abundant surface hydroxyl groups greatly weaken its compatibility with the epoxy resin. In addition, it remains a challenge to efficiently and heterogeneously modify MCC surface hydroxyl groups. In this work, MCC was epoxidized heterogeneously with a phase-transfer catalyst. Results indicated that 4.48% (by mass) or 58.15% (by coverage) of the hydroxyl groups on MCC was modified. The dispersibility of epoxidized MCC (EP-MCC) in the epoxy resin was significantly improved. At the same time, EP-MCC showed the ability to interact with the epoxy network covalently, improving the interface interactions, indicating the simultaneous enhancement of the modulus and the toughness. As a result, this heterogenous epoxidation method showed high efficiency in reducing the surface hydroxyl content of MCC, endowing it with a bright future in industrial applications of epoxy composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft-ir Characterization Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Toughening Effect toward Epoxy Resin

Guo

Cheng

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The FTIR spectra of the composites obtained by blending resins with different proportions after salt medium aging for 0 d, 14 d and 28 d were shown in Figure 5b-d. As can be seen from Figure 5b, in the aging range from 0 to 14 days, the intensity of multiple characteristic peaks such as 1731 cm −1 , 1507 cm −1 and 1178 cm −1 for DGEBA decreased significantly [23], suggesting that some functional groups such as hydroxyl, benzene ring skeleton, ester group and aromatic ether in the resin were decomposed [24]. Additionally, it can also be seen that when the aging time was from 14 d to 28 d, the decline of each absorption peak was very small, which also indicated that the chemical structure of the resin has changed significantly in the middle of aging and has been seriously corroded.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To sum up, comparing the infrared spectra of 0% 2021P/DGEBA, 10% 2021P/DGEBA, and 20% 2021P/DGEBA, it can be concluded that the infrared absorption peaks of 10% 2021P/DGEBA and 20% 2021P/DGEBA only change slightly in the high-salt medium environment. The molecular structure of the resin did not contain a benzene ring and has good chemical stability [23,24]. On the other hand, the epoxy group in 2021P molecular structure did not come from propylene oxide.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Blending Modification of Alicyclic Resin and Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin to Enhance Salt Aging Resistance for Composite Core Rods

et al. 2022

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In order to promote the application of composite insulators in coastal areas with high temperature, high humidity and high salt, it is of great importance to develop matrix resin with salt corrosion resistance for composite core rods. In this study, bisphenol A epoxy resin was modified by blending with alicyclic epoxy resin (2021P). Three different proportions of 2021P/DGEBA blend resins (0% 2021P/DGEBA, 10% 2021P/DGEBA and 20% 2021P/DGEBA) were prepared, and the high salt medium corrosion test was carried out. The physicochemical (FTIR, DMA, TGA) and electrical properties (dielectric loss, leakage current and breakdown field strength) of the blend resin before and after aging were tested and analyzed, and the optimal blend proportion was determined. The results showed that after salt aging, the Tg of 0% 2021P/DGEBA decreased to 122.99 °C, while the Tg of 10% 2021P/DGEBA reached 134.89 °C; The leakage current of 0% 2021P/DGEBA increased to 48.994 μA, while that of 10% 2021P/DGEBA only increased to 44.549 μA; The breakdown field strength of 0% 2021P/DGEBA dropped to 40.36 kv/mm, while that of 10% 2021P/DGEBA only dropped to 43.63 kv/mm. The introduction of 2021P enhanced the salt corrosion resistance of the blend resin, which could hinder the penetration, diffusion and erosion of external media (such as Na+, Cl−, H2O, etc.) to the matrix resin. The comprehensive properties of 10% 2021P/DGEBA blend system reached the best, which was better than other blending resins, showing great application potential.

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“…Although chromatographic and NMR provide excellent results, these methods require pre-treatment of the sample, use of solvents, significant maintenance cost, and a long time to perform the analyzes. On the other hand, recent works have demonstrated the potential of the association between infrared spectroscopy and Raman, in the determination of quality and adulteration factors in several products, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] among which the detection of ethanol in hand sanitizing and biopharmaceutical products. [17][18][19] In this work, we present a detailed analysis on the application of infrared spectroscopy for the determination of alcohol in sanitizing products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of active ingredients in alcohol‐based gel by spectroscopic techniques and chemometric analysis

Herculano

Lukasievicz

Sehn

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemometrics

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The international public health emergency related to COVID‐19 caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has altered several production and registration criteria for sanitary products, including alcohol‐based hand sanitizers. In this work, we investigate the concentration of alcohol in sanitizers presented in gel form applying the principal component regression method on measurements using Infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods. The chemometric calibration is performed using isopropanol or ethanol as active agents, and the method is used to characterize several commercial samples. Furthermore, the results of the prediction of alcohol concentration, obtained by applying the principal component regression and partial least squares methods, in the spectroscopic techniques, were compared with each other and with the results provided by nuclear magnetic resonance. Our results show that spectroscopic techniques coupled with principal component regression are fast, low‐cost, and safe tools for the determination of alcohol concentration, regardless the gelling agent used.

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Rapid and non-destructive quality verification of epoxy resin product using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Toughening Effect toward Epoxy Resin

Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Toughening Effect toward Epoxy Resin

Blending Modification of Alicyclic Resin and Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin to Enhance Salt Aging Resistance for Composite Core Rods

Determination of active ingredients in alcohol‐based gel by spectroscopic techniques and chemometric analysis

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