Rapid and quantitative detection of urinary Cyfra21-1 using fluorescent nanosphere-based immunochromatographic test strip for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of bladder cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumour with high recurrence rate. Cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra21-1) in urine has been regarded as a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of bladder cancer due to the relevance of its high urinary level to the bladder cancer patients. However, currently detection methods of Cyfra21-1 have their limits, such as complicated steps, limited sensitivity or unsatisfying specificity. In this study, we developed a novel time-resolved fluoroimmuno test strip by using europium chelate microparticle (Eu-CM). Detection was performed in simple steps by carrying drops of sample into the well of the test strip, waiting for 15 min and inserting the strip into a fluorescence strip reader for quantitation. The standard curve equation of the test strip was y ¼ 0.0177x þ 0.01 (R 2 ¼ .9993). In the analysis of human urine samples (n ¼ 115), it demonstrated a good performance (accuracy: CV < 10%, AUC: 0.989). With the cutoff value of 81 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer were 92.86 and 100%, respectively. In comparison to ELISA and electrochemiluminescence methods, the Eu-CM based time-resolved fluoroimmuno test strip provided a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for monitoring bladder cancer. It may be applied as a non-invasive approach for in point-of-care for bladder cancer detection.

Prognostic significance of pre-treatment serum Cyfra21-1 as a tumor marker in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy

“…The preoperative serum Cyfra21-1 level was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cancer (13). Rapid and quantitative detection of urinary Cyfra21-1 is a non-invasive approach for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer (14). In epithelial ovarian cancer, Cyfra21-1 was a poor prognostic factor associated with OS (15).…”

“…It has also been proven that Cyfra21-1 can independently be used as a prognostic indicator of a variety of malignant tumors. Numerous studies have shown that it has important prognostic significance for middle and advanced cancers, such as esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (13)(14)(15)(16). Lei et al found that Cyfra21-1 could be used to predict the early recurrence of OPSCC by comparing between groups, and the concentration of Cyfra21-1 was related to the clinicopathological stage of OPSCC.…”

The Use of Upconversion Nanoparticles in Prostate Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

“…In cancer cell imaging and theranostics, conventional bio-labeling with bio-reagents including organic dyes, chelates and fluorescent proteins has been used for some time now [11,12]. However, this type of labeling has disadvantages such as photobleaching, chemical and metabolic degradation, and a low signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore, in the case of neoplastic cancers, the use of high-sensitivity testing is severely impeded [13,14].…”

Trends in urine biomarker discovery for urothelial bladder cancer: DNA, RNA, or protein?

“…Twelve studies investigated survivin, a protein which inhibits apoptosis allowing tumour cell survival (56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68). Fragments of cellular cytoskeletal proteins cytokeratins 8, 18, 19 and 20 (69) have also been found in urine of UBC patients, leading to the development of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma-antigen assay (UBC) (66,(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79) and Cyfra21.1 (80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91). Vascular endothelial g r o w t h f a c t o r ( V E G F ) h a s b e e n i n v e s t i g a t e d i n 10 studies (59,64,86,(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98).…”