Rapid Flow Injection Electrochemical Detection of Arochlor 1242 Using Stabilized Lipid Membranes with Incorporated Sheep anti‐PCB Antibody

Abstract

This work describes a novel electrochemical biosensor based on a supported polymerized lipid film with incorporated Sheep anti-PCB antibody for the rapid detection of arochlor 1242 in flowing solution streams. The antibody was incorporated into the lipid film during polymerization. Injections of antigen were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution. Experiments were done in a stopped-flow mode using lipid mixtures containing 15 % (w/w) dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA) to provide only a single transient current signal with a magnitude related to the antigen concentration. Lipid films containing 35 % DPPA were used to examine regeneration of the active sites of antibody after complex formation by washing with the carrier electrolyte solution. Repetitive cycles of injection of antigen have shown that the maximum number of cycles is about 5.

A Biomimetic Platform to Study the Interactions of Bioelectroactive Molecules with Lipid Nanodomains

“…In search for improved biomimetic platforms, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) prepared on gold or other metal surfaces are gaining considerable importance whether it is in the development of lipid-based biosensor interfaces − or in the study of biomembrane-related cellular processes. − Despite the well established fact that biological membranes are characterized by a complex matrix of lipids and proteins organized into laterally distinct domains, many studies conducted on gold employ single-component or single-phase lipid bilayers. − ,− So far, only a few studies were dedicated to complex lipid mixtures that demonstrably lead to the formation of domains in order to better mimic the lateral compartmentalization of biological membrane. ,, In eukaryotic organisms, lipid rafts are an important type of lipid domains due to their role in intracellular distribution of proteins and lipids, signal transduction, and many other cellular functions. , In order to mimic the presence of lipid rafts, membrane model systems, such as SLBs, should have at least three different lipids: cholesterol and two other lipids, phospholipids or sphingolipids differing significantly in their main phase transition temperature ( T m ). , For certain proportions, these ternary lipid mixtures lead to the coexistence of liquid ordered ( l o ) domains, which mimic lipid rafts, and liquid disordered ( l d ) phase, that simulates the more fluid surrounding membrane. , Besides its biological relevance, the presence of this kind of domain, with a typical height difference of ∼1.5 nm, can be used as a fingerprint to identify the presence of a planar and organized lipid bilayer.…”

Artificial Lipid Membranes: Past, Present, and Future

“…The issue of operational stability is critical to device development, along with a demonstration of detection in real samples. Table 2 provides a number of lipid membrane-based biosensors that have been recently reported for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Most platforms involve electrochemical sensing with supported or polymerized bilayers, but optical or more advanced transduction systems have been reported.…”

Recent Lipid Membrane-Based Biosensing Platforms

“…In a complex mixture of species with slightly different partition coefficients (lipophilic species A and B in ( Figure 3A(a)), discrimination is possible [12]. Further, antigen-antibody complementation on the membrane surface may induce changes in the interaction between the antibody and the lipid headgroups, also, resulting in transient pore formation [13] ( Figure 3A(b)). Enzyme-based systems operate on similar principles, where the most common permeability regulator is surface charge density [14].…”