Rapid identification of cod and oil fish components based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification

A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock

“…Thus, it is necessary to mark it in detail, such as "Atlantic cod" or "Pacific cod" [2]. Additionally, although it was not confirmed in our study that Pacific cod and Alaska pollock was substituted with Atlantic cod, such seafood fraud was verified through previous studies [7,30]. These results showed that it was confirmed the seafood fraud cases of five cod species and the necessity for effective tools to manage labeling errors.…”

Closed‐tube visual detection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) using self‐quenched primer coupled with a designed loop‐mediated isothermal amplification vessel

“…S4) and the minimum amount of detectable DNA reached 1 pg. Compared with the real‐time fluorescence method, poorer sensitivity with sequence‐independent endpoint visual detection has been reported 2,23 . However, the inclusion of a self‐quenched probe in the present study could lead to a great improvement in sensitivity, and further improvement could enlarge the color variation range and contrast 33,34 .…”

“…Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) is characterized by an excellent source of quality proteins, polyunsaturated fat and essential micronutrients, 1 and represents one of the most popular species in the Gadidae family. However, due to declining stocks in most source areas of the world, indistinguishable features for processed products, and poor transparency in the global supply chain, species adulteration frequently occurs with Atlantic cod 2‐4 . Moreover, a great variety of species have been identified in Atlantic cod products, including Pacific cod ( G. macrocephalus ), 2 Alaska pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ), 5 saithe ( Pollachius virens ), 6 European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ), 7 Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ), 3 anglerfish ( Lophius litulon ), 8 oilfish ( Ruvettus pretiosus , Lepidocybium flavobrunneum ) 9 and even pufferfish ( Lagochephalus spp.)…”

“…Moreover, an extremely large amount of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) and, accordingly, the by‐products pyrophosphate and hydrogen ions are produced during the LAMP reaction, so that trace amounts of nucleic acid can be detected 16 . Until now, the LAMP assay for rapid identification of Atlantic cod has been reported based on short fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene, where the results were obtained using real‐time amplification curve, 17 pre‐addition of pH indicator, 2 post‐addition of propidium iodide and agarose gel electrophoresis 18 . However, the common disadvantage of the mentioned methods is the challenge to distinguish false positive results caused by non‐specific amplification generated from primer dimers 19 .…”

Visual detection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) simultaneously by duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification

“…Since the inception and development of LAMP in 2000, the technique has been established for a wide interdisciplinary applications, and specifically in the field of food safety assurance, LAMP has been applied for the detection of food-borne pathogens, allergens, fish/meat adulteration and mislabeling, and genetically modified organism ( Huang et al, 2020 ). Recent studies have also exploited LAMP method for fish authenticity purpose, including the rapid identification of European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) ( Spielmann et al, 2019 ), S. salar ( Xiong et al, 2021 ) and codfish ( Li, Xie, Yu, Wang, & Chen, 2021 ).…”