Rapid pre-explosion increase in dome extrusion rate at La Soufrière, St. Vincent quantified from synthetic aperture radar backscatter

Dualeh, Edna W; Ebmeier, S. K.; Wright, T.J.; Poland, Michael P.; Grandin, R.; Stinton, A.; Camejo-Harry, Michal; Esse, Ben; Burton, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117980

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In some cases, acquisitions at the start of an eruption are important for being able to determine the eruption rate of a dome or lava flow and when that rate begins to taper off. Additionally, rapid data availability allows us to measure current effusion rate which could be an important indicator of when a lava dome could collapse (e.g., Dualeh et al., 2021a; Pallister et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)

Eiden,

Pritchard,

Lundgren

2023

Earth and Space Science

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Up‐to‐date topography data sets are essential for forecasting volcanic hazards and monitoring deformation. Digital elevation models are used to quantify eruption rates, used in flow modeling programs, and are necessary to accurately process interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for surface deformation. We can track topographic change at volcanoes through fieldwork, airborne instruments, and satellite data, with the last providing the greatest potential for global coverage. Despite this global coverage, we do not know the characteristics of topographic change at volcanoes over a given time interval. We define the specific acquisition needs for topography data using topographic change detected from recent eruptions. We review existing literature and compile a data set of eruptive products (121 lava flows, 99 domes and 163 pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)) from eruptions between 1980 and 2019. We find that different sensing capabilities are required for different use cases. A vertical accuracy of 1 m would detect 92% of all eruptive products including 100% of lava domes and lava flows, but only 78% of PDCs. A horizontal resolution of 13 × 13 m pixels is the minimum necessary to detect 90% of all eruptive products. Explosive eruptions (with PDC products) typically lasted less than 1 day and would need a temporal resolution of 1 day while a longer repeat interval is acceptable at effusive eruptions (lava domes and flows), which could last weeks to years. We find a lack of consistent data acquisition, with 45% of the 383 eruptive products reported not having published spatial dimensions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)

Eiden,

Pritchard,

Lundgren

2023

Earth and Space Science

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“…PickCraterSAR uses the methodology presented by Dualeh et al. (2023) to compute the simplified simulated amplitude to assist the picking. It simulates the geometric contribution of the 3D model of the volcano crater to the amplitude image for each profile in the range direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these sensors often have different characteristics and viewing geometries. Combining sensors with different acquisition geometries is hence rarely trivial due to the various distortions (Dualeh, Ebmeier, Wright, Poland, et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nyiragongo Crater Collapses Measured by Multi‐Sensor SAR Amplitude Time Series

Smittarello,

Grandin,

Jaspard

et al. 2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Crater morphology undergoes rapid changes at active volcanoes, and quantifying these changes during volcanic unrest episodes is crucial for assessing volcanic activity levels. However, various limitations, including restricted crater access, cloud cover, haze, and intra‐crater eruptive activity, often impede regular optical or on‐site crater monitoring. To overcome these challenges, we utilize multi‐sensor satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to generate dense time series of quantitative indicators for monitoring crater morphological changes. By combining images from diverse satellites and acquisition modes, we achieve high temporal resolution. Nevertheless, due to variations in acquisition geometries, direct image comparisons become impractical. To address this, we develop PickCraterSAR, an open‐access Python tool that employs basic trigonometry assumptions to measure crater radius and depth from SAR amplitude images in radar geometry. We apply our methodology to study the crater collapse associated with the May 2021 and January 2002 eruptions of Nyiragongo volcano. Following the 2021 collapse, we estimate the maximum depth of the crater to be 850 m below the rim, with a total volume of 84 ± 10 Mm3. Notably, the post‐2021 eruption crater was 270 m deeper but only 15%–20% more voluminous compared to the post‐2002 eruption crater. Additionally, we demonstrate that the 2021 crater collapse occurred progressively while a dike intrusion migrated southward as a consequence of the drainage of the lava lake system. Overall, our study showcases the utility of multi‐sensor SAR imagery and introduces PickCraterSAR as a valuable tool for monitoring and analyzing crater morphological changes, providing insights into the dynamics of volcanic activity.

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“…PickCraterSAR uses the methodology presented by (Dualeh, Ebmeier, Wright, Poland, et al, 2021) to compute the simplified simulated amplitude to assist the picking. It simulates the geometric contribution of the 3D model of the volcano crater to the amplitude image for each profile in the range direction.…”

Section: Quick Amplitude Simulation Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1sar Amplitude Imagery For Volcano Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nyiragongo crater collapses measured by multi-sensor SAR amplitude time series

Smittarello

Grandin

Jaspard

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Crater morphology at active volcanoes can change rapidly. Quantifying changes during the course of a volcanic unrest episode may help assess the level of volcanic activity. However, limitations such as crater accessibility, cloud cover or intra-crater eruptive activity may hamper regular optical or on-site crater monitoring. Here we use multi-sensor satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to produce dense time series of quantitative indicators of crater morphological changes. High temporal resolution is achieved by combining images from a variety of sensors and acquisition modes, though the diversity of acquisition geometries (incidence angle, viewing direction, resolution…) prevents direct comparison between the different images. Using basic trigonometry assumptions, we develop PickCraterSAR, an open-access tool written in Python to measure crater radius and depth from SAR amplitude images in radar geometry. We apply our methodology to study the crater collapse associated with the May 2021 and January 2002 eruptions of Nyiragongo volcano. After the 2021 collapse, we estimate the maximum depth of the crater to be 850 m below the rim and the total volume to be 84$\pm$10 Mm$^3$ (270 m deeper but only 15-20 \% more voluminous than the post-2002 eruption crater). We also show that the 2021 crater collapse occurred progressively while a dike intrusion was migrating toward the south.

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Rapid pre-explosion increase in dome extrusion rate at La Soufrière, St. Vincent quantified from synthetic aperture radar backscatter

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)

Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)

Nyiragongo Crater Collapses Measured by Multi‐Sensor SAR Amplitude Time Series

Nyiragongo crater collapses measured by multi-sensor SAR amplitude time series

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