Rapid sample preparation procedure for determination of retinol and α-tocopherol in human breast milk

Vitamins are an essential element of nutrition and thus contribute to human health. Vitamins catalyze many biochemical reactions and their lack or excess can cause health problems. Therefore, monitoring vitamin concentrations in plasma or other biological fluids may be useful in the diagnosis of various disorders as well as in the treatment process. Several chromatographic methods have been developed for the determination of these compounds in biological samples, including high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and fluorescence detection. Recently, high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methods have been widely used for the determination of vitamins in complex matrices because of their high sensitivity and selectivity. This method requires preconditioning of samples for analysis, including protein precipitation and/or various extraction techniques. The choice of method may depend on the desired cost, convenience, turnaround time, specificity, and accuracy of the information to be obtained. This article reviews the recently reported chromatographic methods used for determination of vitamins in biological fluids. Relevant papers published mostly during the last 5 years were identified by an extensive PubMed search using appropriate keywords. Particular attention was given to the preparation steps and extraction techniques. This report may be helpful in the selection of procedures that are appropriate for certain types of biological materials and analytes.

Section: Fat‐soluble Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Chromatography 145 2 Fat-soluble Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of chromatographic methods for the determination of water‐ and fat‐soluble vitamins in biological fluids

Karaźniewicz−Łada

Główka

2015

“…Human breast milk is a biological sample of great importance for the analysis of therapeutic drugs, as unwanted exposure through breast milk could result in pharmacologic effects in the nursing infant. Human breast milk is characterized by a high content of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which may vary significantly in composition and concentration depending on several factors including stage of lactation, breastfeeding routine, age, diet, and others . These variables can affect the recovery of an extracted drug, the analytical method precision, the accuracy, and the sample compatibility with a subsequent chromatographic technique .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an ionic‐liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of antichagasic drugs in human breast milk: Optimization by central composite design

Padró

Vidal

Echevarria

et al. 2015

Chagas disease constitutes a major public health problem in Latin America. Human breast milk is a biological sample of great importance for the analysis of therapeutic drugs, as unwanted exposure through breast milk could result in pharmacological effects in the nursing infant. Thus, the goal of breast milk drug analysis is to inquire to which extent a neonate may be exposed to a drug during lactation. In this work, we developed an analytical technique to quantify benznidazole and nifurtimox (the two antichagasic drugs currently available for medical treatment) in human breast milk, with a simple sample pretreatment followed by an ionic‐liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and UV detection. For this technique, the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate has been used as the “extraction solvent.” A central composite design was used to find the optimum values for the significant variables affecting the extraction process: volume of ionic liquid, volume of dispersant solvent, ionic strength, and pH. At the optimum working conditions, the average recoveries were 77.5 and 89.7%, the limits of detection were 0.06 and 0.09 μg/mL and the interday reproducibilities were 6.25 and 5.77% for benznidazole and nifurtimox, respectively. The proposed methodology can be considered sensitive, simple, robust, accurate, and green.

“…S1. Numerous LC methods have been published regarding the simultaneous determination of retinol and selected tocopherol isomers [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most frequently, these methods are carried out by HPLC and UHPLC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tocopherol isomers and retinol can be determined in a broad spectrum of biological materials, such as plasma, serum, seminal plasma, red blood cells, and human milk [7][8][9][10][11][12]15]. The most common sample preparation procedure for their subsequent determination is protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid determination of lipophilic vitamins in human serum by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography using a fluorinated column and high‐throughput miniaturized liquid–liquid extraction

Červinková

Krcmova

Klabackova

et al. 2017

Self Cite

A high-throughput miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction procedure followed by a simple ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with fluorescence detection for bioanalytical analysis of all tocopherol isomers and retinol in human serum has been developed and validated. In the extraction procedure, a synthetic internal standard tocol was used, which does not occur in the human body. The separation of structurally related vitamins was achieved using a new generation of pentafluorophenyl propyl core-shell stationary phase with elution using methanol and an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate. The fluorescence of retinol and tocopherol isomers was detected at λ = 325, 295 nm and λ = 480, 325 nm, respectively. The rapid baseline separation of all analytes was accomplished within 4.0 min. The sensitivity of method was demonstrated with lower limits of quantification: retinol 0.01 μM, α-tocopherol 0.38 μM, β-tocopherol 0.18 μM, γ-tocopherol 0.14 μM, and δ-tocopherol 0.01 μM. Possible application of this method in clinical practice was confirmed by the analysis of human serum samples from healthy volunteers. Finally, the simultaneous determination of retinol and all tocopherol isomers in human serum can enable the clarification of their role in metabolism and in diseases such as cancer.