Rapid Serum Lipoprotein Changes in Spider Monkeys on Short-Term Feeding of High Cholesterol-High Saturated Fat Diet

Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Dalferes, Edward R.; Ruiz, H; Pargaonkar, P. S.; Radhakrishnamurthy, B.; Berenson, Gerald S.

doi:10.3181/00379727-141-36735

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…30 The increase in HDL that we observed was not due to the generation of HDLc particles, which have been well described by the work of Mahley et al, 31 but was caused by increased HDLL and was attended by a parallel rise of apo A-l, but not apo A-ll. Thus, serum apo A-l is much more sensitive to dietary manipulation than apo A-ll.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Fless¹,

Juhn²,

Karlin³

et al. 1984

Arteriosclerosis

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Two male rhesus monkeys underwent cyclical feeding of a hypercholesterolemlc diet (2% cholesterol, 25% coconut oil) and a low-fat Purina monkey chow diet. During the latter diet, high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited two components with peak densities of d = 1.081 g/ml and 1.109 g/ml named HDL L and HDLH, respectively. During the Initial hypercholesterolemic stage, except for apo A-ll which remained unchanged, there was a transient rise In HDL (mainly HDLJ as well as in HDL cholesterol and apo A-l, all reaching maximal values after about 2 weeks from the onset of the diet. The two HDL species changed neither In size nor density as compared to their baseline counterparts, but had a comparatively higher content In cholesteryl ester and lesser amounts of triglycerides and phospholipids as compared to the normocholesterolemic animal. With the development of overt hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol levels above 400 mg/dl), both HDL particles increased in density due to the loss of surface components (phospholipids and unesterlfled cholesterol) and core triglycerides with only minor changes in protein and cholesteryl ester contents. At this stage, the same two animals exhibited significant changes in the size and buoyant density of LDL. When returned to a normal Purina chow diet, the animals' serum cholesterol levels declined rapidly to normal levels; normalization of the HDL distribution also occurred but at a comparatively later time (26 weeks).Our studies Indicate that the two HDL subsets characteristic of the normocholesterolemic rhesus monkey undergo significant changes in buoyant density as a function of the stage of hypercholesterolemia and that changes In concentration and size mainly affect the HDL L subspecies. At levels of plasma cholesterol below 400 mg/dl, this cholesterol Increment Is reflected by a significant increase in the number of the HDL subspecies without the overt participation of the low density lipoprotein classes characteristic of the advanced hyperlipldemlc stage. Since we previously reported that greatly increased levels of cholesteryl esters enriched low density lipoproteins, (J-VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) and pre-B-VLDL during overt diet-Induced hypercholesterolemia, it is apparent that cholesterol is distributed differently among lipoprotein particles containing either apo A-l, apo B, or apo E depending on its concentration In plasma. (Arteriosclerosis 4:154-164, March/April 1984) R hesus monkeys fed high cholesterol diets develop altered concentrations of plasma lipoproteins. Since there may be a causal relationship between the level of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherosclerosis, most attention has been focused on LDL. However, the concentration and Received July 7,1983; revision accepted November 18, 1983. density distribution of HDL species are also affected by cholesterol-containing diets. Thus, it was observed that high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were temporarily increased in rhesus and sooty mangabey monkeys on a high cholesterol diet but fell...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Fless¹,

Juhn²,

Karlin³

et al. 1984

Arteriosclerosis

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“…It was with these points in mind that we undertook the determination of the circulating concentrations and characteristics of the major serum lipoproteins of this species. Some studies of the physical and chemical properties of the serum lipoproteins of other New World primates, and especially of the family Cebidae, i.e., the squirrel monkey (genus Saimiri), the capuchin monkey (genus Cebus) and spider monkey (genus Ateles), have been reported (Hill et al, 1975;Hojnacki et al, 1977;Illingworth, 1975;Srinivasan et al, 1972Srinivasan et al, , 1974Srinivasan et al, , 1976. Of these species, the most attention has been focussed on the squirrel monkey, in which the quantitative distribution together with the structure and metabolism of the major lipoprotein classes has been investigated principally by Illingworth, Portman, and colleagues (Illingworth, 1975;Illingworth & Portman, 1972;Illingworth et al, 1974Illingworth et al, , 1975Portman et al, 1975Portman et al, , 1976.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these species, the most attention has been focussed on the squirrel monkey, in which the quantitative distribution together with the structure and metabolism of the major lipoprotein classes has been investigated principally by Illingworth, Portman, and colleagues (Illingworth, 1975;Illingworth & Portman, 1972;Illingworth et al, 1974Illingworth et al, , 1975Portman et al, 1975Portman et al, , 1976. Some data are also available on the concentration and composition of the lipoproteins in capuchin, spider, and Aotus monkeys (Hill et al, 1975;Hojnacki et al, 1977;Mills & Taylaur, 1971;Pargaonkar et al, 1977;Srinivasan et al, 1972Srinivasan et al, , 1974Srinivasan et al, , 1976.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in man approximately one-fifth of the total cholesterol is carried in HDL, and HDL concentrations themselves are of the order of 250 mg/dL in normolipidemic males. Only the spider monkey would appear to be exceptional among the New and Old World monkeys cited above, since its HDL and HDL cholesterol levels are about one-half of those of man (Srinivasan et al, 1972(Srinivasan et al, , 1974(Srinivasan et al, , 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density distribution, characterization, and comparative aspects of the major serum lipoproteins in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a new world primate with potential use in lipoprotein research

Mj¹,

F²,

Goldstein³

1979

Biochemistry

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Qualitative, quantitative, and comparative aspects of the serum lipoprotein profile in the Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate, are described. Density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to evaluate lipoprotein distribution and to establish criteria for isolation of discrete molecular fractions. The major lipoprotein classes banded isopycnically on the gradient with the following hydrated densities: VLDL, d less than 1.017 g/mL; LDL, d = 1.027--1.055 g/mL; HDL fraction I, d = 1.070--1.127 g/mL; and HDL fraction II, d = 1.127--1.156 g/mL. Electrophoretic, immunological, and electron microscopic analyses attested to the purity of these fractions: the characteristics of each were assessed by chemical analysis, electron microscopy, immunological techniques, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their protein moieties. Marmoset VLDL and LDL were closely akin to those of man in size and chemical composition, although the former were richer in triglyceride; electrophoretic and immunological data showed the major protein component of VLDL and LDL to be a counterpart to human apo-B. The two HDL subfractions, i.e., HDL-I and HDL-II, corresponded in size and chemical composition to human HDL2 and HDL3, respectively, although slight differences in neutral lipid content were detected. By immunological and electrophoretic criteria, the major apolipoprotein of marmoset HDL was analogous to human apo-AI. In contrast, marked dissimilarities were evident in the complements of low molecular weight, tetramethylurea-soluble polypeptides of marmoset and human lipoproteins. Quantitatively, the human and marmoset lipoprotein profiles were not dissimilar, although HDL was the major class (approximately 50%); in fasting animals, serum concentrations of VLDL, LDL, and HDL were 50--90, 170--280, and 338--408 mg/dL, respectively. C. jacchus was distinct from man in displaying a greater proportion of its total HDL in the less dense (HDL-II) subfraction (marmoset HDL-I/HDL-II = approximately 4:1; human HDL2/HDL3 = approximately 1:3). These data indicate that, as an experimental animal for lipoprotein research, the Common marmoset combines the advantages of ready availability and maintenance with a serum lipoprotein profile which resembles, in many qualitative and quantitative aspects, that found in man.

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Phylogenetic Variability of Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Nonhuman Primates Fed Diets with Different Contents of Dietary Cholesterol

Srinivasan

Smith

Radhakrishnamurthy

et al. 1976

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Rapid Serum Lipoprotein Changes in Spider Monkeys on Short-Term Feeding of High Cholesterol-High Saturated Fat Diet

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Response of rhesus serum high density lipoproteins to cycles of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Density distribution, characterization, and comparative aspects of the major serum lipoproteins in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a new world primate with potential use in lipoprotein research

Phylogenetic Variability of Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Nonhuman Primates Fed Diets with Different Contents of Dietary Cholesterol

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