Rapid signaling responses in Sertoli cell membranes induced by follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone: Calcium inflow and electrophysiological changes

Testosterone Stimulates Duox1 Activity through GPRC6A in Skin Keratinocytes

“…Because intracellular calcium mobilization within minutes is a hallmark of the non-genomic activity of testosterone in many cell types (12)(13)(14)(15), we first revealed that the orphan G proteincoupled receptor GPRC6A mediates the activity of testosterone in epidermal keratinocytes (Fig. 3).…”

“…Specifically, testosterone induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium ([Ca 2ϩ ] i ) within a few minutes in Sertoli cells, prostate cells, and smooth muscle cells, which indicates that the rapid response to testosterone is mediated by an AR-independent cascade (12,13).…”

“…The association of androgen with soluble AR results in its translocation to the nucleus and the stimulation of androgen-regulated gene expression. Recently, rapid non-genomic effects of testosterone have been reported in various cell types including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, Sertoli cells, prostate cells, and immune cells (12)(13)(14)(15). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the non-genomic activities of testosterone in keratinocytes are unknown.…”

Sex differences in anxiety and depression: Role of testosterone

“…Alternatively, testosterone can associate with membrane-bound AR, which interacts with a Gq-protein, producing phospholipase C, which then cleaves the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (as reveiwed in, Rahman and Christian, 2007). This process initiates a cascade of events that leads to an increase in intracellular calcium, inhibition of inhibitory K+- ATP channels (leading to depolarization), and activation of ERK kinases (Rahman and Christian, 2007, Loss et al, 2011). Testosterone and its associated metabolites may activate one or more of these MAPK-ERK pathways in brain regions mediating mood and emotion, in turn influencing the onset, outcome, and/or treatment of affective disorders.…”

Detecting the presence of hippocampus membrane androgen receptors in male SAMP8 mice and their induced synaptic plasticity

“…The most reliable evidence comes from the use of androgens conjugated to membrane-impermeable large molecules, such as BSA. Evidences are presented that androgens can induce actions when they are prohibited from entering deep into the cytoplasm Gatson and Singh, 2007;Loss et al, 2011). While many studies have demonstrated that the non-genomic effects of steroids could potentially be mediated by a distinct non-classical transmembrane-AR in various types of cells, few studies have addressed the expression of mARs in hippocampal neurons.…”