Rapid tumor formation and development of neutrophilia and splenomegaly in nude mice transplanted with human cells expressing human T cell leukemia virus type I or Tax1

Abstract

Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-IElevated levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were detected in sera of these mice and also in the culture supernatants of Tax1-expressing human cells, suggesting that G-CSF in the mouse sera was produced by the human cells. In sera of some mice with splenomegaly and neutrophilia, high levels of murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) were observed, suggesting that Tax1 produced by human cells induced mouse cells to produce mGM-CSF. Only S+L−HOS cell lines expressing Tax1 showed high tumorigenicity in nude mice. Thus, this system will be a useful model of tumor formation, splenomegaly and neutrophilia dependent on Tax1.

Removing the sporoderm from the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum improves the anticancer and immune-regulatory activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide

“…A number of earlier studies have reported that spleen enlargement, or splenomegaly, is an inevitable consequence of tumor growth in tumor-bearing nude mice regardless of drug treatments (30,31). We observed that the weights of spleen were significantly increased in NCI-H460 xenograft mice at the end of the study (Figure 7A).…”

“…Another study also reported that nude mice bearing tumors showed marked splenomegaly and neutrophilia (30). They found that splenomegaly was accompanied by a marked expansion of hematopoietic spaces and atrophy of lymphoid follicles (30). Other than reported in tumor-bearing nude mice, splenomegaly has also been reported in C57BL/6 mice that developed lymphoma especially at later or more advanced stages (59).…”

“…It was reported that in nude mice that bearing tumors, with tumor growth, spleen enlargement was accompanied by accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils simultaneously in the spleen, with a decrease in T cells and most cases also in B cells (31). Another study also reported that nude mice bearing tumors showed marked splenomegaly and neutrophilia (30). They found that splenomegaly was accompanied by a marked expansion of hematopoietic spaces and atrophy of lymphoid follicles (30).…”

Deciphering the roles of myeloid derived suppressor cells in viral oncogenesis

“…Neutrophilia is common in ATL, particularly in the leukaemic form ( 74 ), and indeed neutrophils appear to show spontaneous activation in HTLV-1 infection with the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 and increased oxidative stress ( 75 – 77 ). Mechanistically, TAX is likely to drive both neutrophilia and neutrophil activation; TAX expressing cells produce G-CSF, leading to neutrophilia and splenomegaly in xenograft models ( 78 ) and TAX can also induce the expression of iNOS through an NFκB dependent pathway ( 79 ). M2 macrophages in the TME are associated with a worse prognosis in ATL and promote the growth of malignant cells in-vitro ( 80 ).…”

Design, synthesis, characterization and DNA-binding studies of a triphenyltin(iv) complex of N-glycoside (GATPT), a sugar based apoptosis inducer: in vitro and in vivo assessment of induction of apoptosis by GATPT

“…N2A cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice and tumors formed in all transplanted mice. 73 The effect of drug treatment on the growth of subcutaneous tumors was tested because of the relative ease of monitoring of tumor growth during the experiment. Treatment was initiated two weeks after tumor cells were implanted.…”