Rapidly scalable mechanical ventilator for the COVID-19 pandemic

Nabzdyk, Christoph S.; Araki, Brandon; Abu-Kalaf, Murad; Detienne, Mike; Hagan, David H.; Hanumara, Nevan C.; Jung, Kimberly; Ort, Teddy; Ramírez, A. Gonzaga; Rojasv, Folkers; Rus, Daniela; Servi, Amelia; Shaligram, Shakti; Slocum, Alexander H.; Slocum, Jonathan; Unger, Coby; Connor, Jay; Ku, Bon; Kwon, Ae‐Ran; Nabzdyk, Christoph G S; Varelmann, Dirk; Callahan, John A.; Karamnov, Sergey; Lurie, Keith G.; Olson, Niels; Ray, Neil; Rosen, Mark J.; Shafer, Steven L.; Sparks, Scott; Pradhan-Nabzdyk, Leena; Husseini, Abdul Mohsen Al; Negrete, Justin; Powelson, Stephen; Lee, Heon Ju

doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06113-3

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The COVID-19 emergency has highlighted the need for research into EVs [27][28][29]. In general, there is a lack of peer-reviewed articles that describe the science and engineering of EV design and performance, and there is a need for new research into EV design, performance, and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world in 2020 by spreading at unprecedented rates and causing tens of thousands of fatalities within a few months. The number of deaths dramatically increased in regions where the number of patients in need of hospital care exceeded the availability of care. Many COVID-19 patients experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition that can be treated with mechanical ventilation. In response to the need for mechanical ventilators, designed and tested an emergency ventilator (EV) that can control a patient’s peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and breathing rate, while keeping a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). This article describes the rapid design, prototyping, and testing of the EV. The development process was enabled by rapid design iterations using additive manufacturing (AM). In the initial design phase, iterations between design, AM, and testing enabled a working prototype within one week. The designs of the 16 different components of the ventilator were locked by additively manufacturing and testing a total of 283 parts having parametrically varied dimensions. In the second stage, AM was used to produce 75 functional prototypes to support engineering evaluation and animal testing. The devices were tested over more than two million cycles. We also developed an electronic monitoring system and with automatic alarm to provide for safe operation, along with training materials and user guides. The final designs are available online under a free license. The designs have been transferred to more than 70 organizations in 15 countries. This project demonstrates the potential for ultra-fast product design, engineering, and testing of medical devices needed for COVID-19 emergency response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…This is a major departure from traditional ARDS management and may be highly relevant given that delayed intubation in non-COVID-19 ARDS patient has been associated with increased mortality [23]. One has to remember that much of the early data was obtained under extreme circumstances where normal critical care service lines had been overwhelmed to a degree that even commercial ventilator alternatives have been considered [24]. An excess in mortality during such times could at least partly be attributed to strained resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Lal

Mishra

Akhtar

et al. 2021

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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COVID-19 has involved numerous countries across the globe and the disease burden, susceptible age group; mortality rate has been variable depending on the demographical profile, economic status, and health care infrastructure. In the current clinical environment, COVID-19 is one of the most important clinical differential diagnoses in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The optimal mechanical ventilation strategy for these patients has been a constant topic of discussion and very importantly so, since a great majority of these patients require invasive mechanical ventilation and often for an extended period of time. In this report we highlight our experience with a COVID-19 patient who most likely suffered barotrauma either as a result of traumatic endotracheal intubation or primarily due to COVID-19 itself. We also aim to highlight the current literature available to suggest the management strategy for these patients for a favorable outcome. The cases described are diverse in terms of age variance and other comorbidities. According to the literature, certain patients, with COVID-19 disease and spontaneous pneumothorax were noted to be managed conservatively and oxygen supplementation with nasal cannula sufficed. Decision regarding need and escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation should be taken early in the disease to avoid complications such as patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) and barotrauma sequelae such as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum Recent systematic review further supports the fact that the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in certain patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may give a false sense of security and clinical stabilization but has no overall benefit to avoid intubation. While invasive mechanical ventilation may be associated with higher rates of barotrauma, this should not mean that intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation should be delayed. This becomes an important consideration when non-intensivists or personnel with less experience provide care for this vulnerable patient population who may rely too heavily on NIV to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation.

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“…printed components, and ventilator sharing [9][10][11][12][13]. At the very beginning, the team decided that the Vent-I should become available in large quantities in a very short time and that the functionality and specifications should be based on what was requested by the doctors involved.…”

Section: Development Of the Vent-imentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Rapid Development of CPAP Ventilator Vent-I during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Hidayat

Halid²,

Dirgantara

et al. 2020

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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 This paper describes the process of a rapid development of the CPAP ventilator 'Vent-I' during the COVID-19 pandemic using appropriate technology and locally available components.  It was found that noble values and spirit are very important success factors, i.e. gotong royong, social entrepreneurship, pioneering and volunteerism.  Public trust was a very valuable social capital during the development and crowdfunding.  Collaboration between academic institutions, industry and the relevant authority from the very beginning will speed up the development and certification process.

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Rapidly scalable mechanical ventilator for the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

Emergency ventilator for COVID-19

Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Lessons Learned from Rapid Development of CPAP Ventilator Vent-I during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

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