Rare-earth and trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of Cretaceous kaolinitic sediments from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria: provenance and paleoclimatic significance

Bolarinwa, Anthony Temidayo; Idakwo, Sunday Ojochogwu; Bish, David L.

doi:10.1007/s11631-019-00328-y

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This reveals that the stream sediments are derived mostly from mafic source rocks with a contribution of felsic source rocks. Elemental ratios such as La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, and Zr/Cr are used to discriminate between mafic and felsic source rocks; La, Th, and Zr are known to be more concentrated in felsic igneous rocks, while Co, Sc, and Cr possess higher concentrations in mafic rocks (e.g., Bolarinwa et al, 2019;Nyobe et al, 2018;Ronov et al, 1974;Wronkiewicz & Condie, 1990). These ratios show variable values, suggesting that the stream sediments may not have originated from the same source rock but rather from mixed sources.…”

Section: Sediment Provenance and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…< 1) in the stream sediments of Eséka area suggest a low degree of sediment recycling. The Th/Sc ratios help to assess chemical differentiation (Bolarinwa et al, 2019) which is controlled by the degree of sediment recycling (McLennan et al, 1993). Heavy minerals such as zircon, ilmenite, apatite, and allanite accumulate in sediments during recycling and then increase concentrations in Zr, Hf, TiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , and REE (Armstrong-Altrin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sediment Provenance and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of stream sediments from Eséka area (SW Cameroon): implications for surface process assessment and precious metals (Au, Pd, and Pt) exploration

Sababa

Mbesse

Mouko

et al. 2021

J. Sediment. Environ.

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Stream sediment geochemical data from SW Cameroon were examined as a contribution for surface process study and preliminary exploration of Au, Pd, and Pt. Samples were collected from both active and overbank stream sediments. Samples were analyzed for mineralogy, major and trace elements including rare-earth elements, and Au, Pd, and Pt concentrations. The sediments are mainly made up of quartz, gibbsite, goethite, and kaolinite. Their chemical composition is dominated by SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 . They are geochemically classified as Fe-sand and derive from moderate to intense weathered sources which are the local surrounding rocks. Variability in the chemical composition could be attributed to weathering and hydrodynamic sorting of sediments during transport. Trace and rare-earth elements are sparsely present in river sediments in the Eséka area. The high Zr contents could reveal high proportion of zircon as a resistant mineral to weathering. The normalized REE patterns show relative HREE enrichment due to the fact that zircon preferentially incorporates HREE. The variable La/ Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, Zr/Cr, LREE/HREE ratios, and Eu-anomalies suggest that the stream sediments may have originated from mixed felsic and mafic source contributions. Gold, Pd, and Pt have variable contents with the highest contents in the active stream samples. The active stream sediments are the appropriate tools for geochemical Au surveys in humid forest regions. Despite the low contents in stream sediments, some sampling points are favorable for further Au, Pd, and Pt exploration in their upstream sources. The clayey materials should be favorable for Pd and Pt accumulations.

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Section: Sediment Provenance and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Provenance and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of stream sediments from Eséka area (SW Cameroon): implications for surface process assessment and precious metals (Au, Pd, and Pt) exploration

Sababa

Mbesse

Mouko

et al. 2021

J. Sediment. Environ.

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“…Superimposing the Agwu Formation is the Campanian to Maastrichtian Enugu/Nkporo Formation comprising mostly of shale, limestone, and sandstone [62][63][64] . The youngest unit (Imo Formation) is found in the Tertiary Niger Delta [65,66] .…”

Section: General Hydrogeological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-examination of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Potentials of Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo Intersecting Tropical Basins of SouthSouth Nigeria

et al. 2020

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This review attempted a detailed description of geological and hydrogeological configurations of Cross River and Imo-Akwa Ibo basins. It presented a synthesis of hydrochemistry and a description of the hydrogeological configurations of the two basins. Hydrogeologically, most areas under Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo are poor in terms of groundwater potentials. Based on the hydrochemistry, the basins hold water of excellent quality. Groundwater sources fall in soft to moderately hard classes. The entire sources groundwater has a TDS concentration of less than 500 mg/l. Groundwater classification based on electrical conductivity (EC) showed EC levels were less than 500 µS/cm. Most of the examined cations and anions are within WHO reference guidelines for drinking water quality. However, no broad analysis of water quality based on water quality indices. Also, studies modeling pollution or the impact of land use changes on groundwater quality are wanting. Thus, further analysis of the hydrochemistry of groundwater aquifers is recommended.

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“…Lai et al (2018) employed higher fractions of ω(MgO)/ω(CaO) and CIA values with low Sr/Cu ratio values and concluded that the sediments from the Yogou Formation were formed during prevalent of warm, humid tropical climatic conditions during Late Cretaceous at the Termit Basin of the Niger-Chad region. Bolarinwa et al (2019) investigated elemental composition and isotope ratio of the kaolinitic-rich sediments in the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria, and they hypothesized formation of those sediments under hot, tropical climatic conditions. In their study, on the shales of Sekuliye Formation, Yola sub-Basin, northern Benue Trough Nigeria, Abubakar et al (2021) reported sediments deposition under oxic humid climate conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling History, Maturity, Paleoweathering, and Paleoclimatic Conditions of the Campano-Maastrichtian Sandstones in the Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Adepoju

Johnson

Sreeni

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Campanian-Maastrichtian sandstone and siltstone facies of the Bida and Enagi formations, northern Bida Basin Nigeria were logged and sampled. The study aims to evaluate the sandstone's petrographic, mineralogical, and bulk geochemical compositions. This is towards exemplifying sediment recycling, maturity, paleoweathering history, and the prevailing paleoclimatic conditions during depositions in the parts of Bida Basin. Petrography result reveals framework modal composition of Bida Formation sandstones as Q93.51−100F0−2.60L/R0 − 3.90 whereas the Enagi Formation sandstones constituents includes Q84.42−98.72F0−3.75L/R1.18−15.58, thus the Bida Formation sandstones are classified as mostly quartzarenite with minor sublitharenite whereas Enagi Formation sandstone are basically classified as sublitharenite with minor quartzarenite varieties. Mineralogical composition from the X-ray diffractions revealed higher kaolinite contents among the mineral constitutes with relatively high quartz contents while muscovite, anatase and iron-rich minerals (goethite and hematite) were recorded in trace amounts and this suggests significant post-depositional weathering prior to reworking. Higher geochemical weathering indices values, including chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), and chemical proxy for alteration (CPA), as well as the ternary A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM plots for both Bida and Enagi formations, suggest an intense weathering and reworking at the source area during late Cretaceous. Geochemical proxies, weathering indices and plots show that the compositionally mature to super mature sediments were deposited under warm, temperate to tropical humid climatic paleoclimatic settings. The light rare earth elements (LREE) enrichment relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and low negative europium (Eu/Eu*) anomaly values with geochemical discrimination plots revealed that the sandstones were sourced from a felsic rocks’ provenance within a passive margin paleotectonic settings. This study concluded that the Campano-Maastrichtian Bida and Enagi formations siliciclastic sediments in the northern Bida sub-Basin, northcentral Nigeria were subjected to extreme weathering, during a warm, temperate to tropical humid climate with the dominance of semi-humid and only brief semi-arid conditions.

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Rare-earth and trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of Cretaceous kaolinitic sediments from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria: provenance and paleoclimatic significance

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Geochemistry of stream sediments from Eséka area (SW Cameroon): implications for surface process assessment and precious metals (Au, Pd, and Pt) exploration

Geochemistry of stream sediments from Eséka area (SW Cameroon): implications for surface process assessment and precious metals (Au, Pd, and Pt) exploration

Re-examination of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Potentials of Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo Intersecting Tropical Basins of SouthSouth Nigeria

Recycling History, Maturity, Paleoweathering, and Paleoclimatic Conditions of the Campano-Maastrichtian Sandstones in the Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria

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