Rare earth co-doping for increased the efficiency of resonantly pumped Er-fiber lasers

Baker, Colin; Burdett, Ashley; Friebele, E. J.; Rhonehouse, Daniel L.; Kim, Woohong; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.

doi:10.1364/ome.9.001041

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[ 1 ] One of the consistent needs in a fiber laser is to surpass the current state of the art of upper power limit. Much efforts have been made to develop high‐power fiber lasers based on silica glass, [ 154,155 ] photonics crystal fiber, hollow core fiber, and the fiber geometry. [ 156 ] Unfortunately, silica glass fibers have intrinsic limitations, such as low thermal conductivity, low stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain, thermal mode instability, and thermal lensing, that ultimately limit power scaling to kW level.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Liu

Ohodnicki

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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The state of the art of single crystal fiber (SCF) fabrication has evolved and improved over the last five decades. Nowadays, edge‐defined film‐feed growth, micro‐pulling down, and laser heated pedestal growth are three major techniques for the fabrication of SCF. Solid state crystal growth and temperature gradient technology are also very active recently making small size SCF. These optical fiber growth techniques are powerful material research tools employed globally for both scientific inquiry and practical applications. This article introduces the development of SCF growth techniques, with particular emphasis on recent practical applications including temperature sensing, radiation environment sensing, fiber laser and power delivery, chemical and medical application, imaging application, and piezoelectric application. In all cases, the application‐oriented point of view provides the reader with an up‐to‐date panorama of the vast possibilities offered by SCF. In the end, perspectives on the trends and future development of single crystal fibers are discussed.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Liu

Ohodnicki

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Another dissipative process is the ion-ion interaction known as cooperative up-conversion (Miniscalco, 1991). The cooperative up-conversion happens when two Erbium ions at the metastable state 4 I 13/2 exchange energy, which cause one ion to be excited to upper state 4 I 19/2 , and another ion would decay to the ground state 4 I 15/2 , without photon emission (An et al, 1998). This process causes concentration quenching, limiting Erbium's concentration in the EDFA.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 1480 nm and 980 nm-pumped Gallium-Erbium fiber amplifier

et al. 2021

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Background: One way to reduce the length of the gain medium in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is by doping the fiber core with a high concentration of Erbium. However, this method caused ion clustering effects, which limits the EDFA’s efficiency. In this research, the use of Gallium as a new co-dopant in erbium-doped silica fiber is explored. Methods: The new fiber, namely Gallium co-doped Erbium fiber (Ga-EDF), is used as a gain medium in an optical fiber amplifier setup. A 2-meter length of the Ga-EDF fiber was used in a single pass configuration with a forward pumping scheme at 150 mW pump power. The Ga-EDF amplifier's gain and noise figure while pumping at 980 nm and 1480 nm were compared. The amplifier's performance was evaluated as the input signal power varied between -30 dBm to 3 dBm, over the wavelength range of 1520 nm to 1580 nm. Results: The 980 nm-pumped Ga-EDF amplifier achieved the maximum small-signal gain of 22.45 dB and the corresponding noise figure of 5.71 dB at the input signal wavelength of 1535 nm. Meanwhile, the 1480 nm-pumped Ga-EDF amplifier attained the maximum small-signal gain of 20.83 dB and the corresponding noise figure of 5.09 dB at the input signal wavelength of 1550 nm. At the input signal power below -20 dBm and the wavelength range 1520 nm to 1547 nm, the Ga-EDF performs better when pumped at 980 nm. Their performance is comparable at the input signal wavelength range between 1547 nm to 1580 nm. At the input signal power above -20 dBm, the 1480 nm-pumped Ga-EDF outperformed the 980 nm-pumped amplifier. Conclusions: The overall performance indicates that the gain saturation point of the 1480 nm-pumped amplifier is higher than the 980 nm-pumped.

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“…Although multicore erbium-doped cladding-pumped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFAs) are commonly used in SDM networks [2,7,8], they have an extremely low pump conversion efficiency. This is the main drawback of such amplifiers, which arises due to insufficient absorption of the pumping radiation by the gain medium [9]. Therefore, the increase in the output optical power is problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a way, the absorption of the pumping radiation is significantly enhanced [12][13][14]. Furthermore, adding Yb 3+ allows an increase in the separation between erbium ions in the gain medium, therefore, Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doping minimizes the possibility of clustering among Er 3+ , thus allowing an increase in Er 3+ concentration in the gain medium compared to the common implementation of erbium-doped fibers [9]. As the result, shorter lengths of Er 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped fiber are required to achieve similar levels of amplification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks

Supe

Olonkins²,

Udaļcovs³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Space-division multiplexing (SDM) attracts attention to cladding-pumped optical amplifiers, but they suffer from a low pump power conversion efficiency. To address this issue, ytterbium (Yb3+) and erbium (Er3+) co-doping is considered as an effective approach. However, it changes the gain profile of Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers and induces the gain difference between optical wavelengths in the C-band, significantly limiting the effective band of the dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) system. This paper is devoted to a detailed study of a cladding-pumped Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) through numerical simulations aiming to identify a configuration, before assembling a similar EYDFA in our laboratory premises that ensures the desired performance. The simulation model is based on a commercial double cladding EYDF whose parameters are experimentally extracted and fed to the EYDFA setup for the system-level studies. We investigate the wavelength dependence of the amplifier’s characteristics (absolute gain, gain uniformity, noise figure) and bit error rate (BER) performance for several DWDM channels and their optical power. The obtained results show that a 7 m long EYDF and co-propagating pump direction is preferable for the EYDFA with a 3 W pump source at 975 nm and with the given gain medium characteristics for WDM applications. For instance, it ensures a gain of 19.7–28.3 dB and a noise figure of 3.7–4.2 dB when amplifying 40 DWDM channels with the input power of −20 dBm per channel. Besides, we study EYDFA gain bandwidth and the maximum output power when operating close to the saturation regime and perform a sensitivity analysis showing how the doped fiber’s absorption and emission cross-sections impact the amplification process through energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+. Finally, we quantify the power penalty introduced by the EYDFA; the results show that it is not higher than 0.1 dB when amplifying 40 × 10 Gbps non-return-to-zero on-off keying signals from −20 dBm/channel.

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Rare earth co-doping for increased the efficiency of resonantly pumped Er-fiber lasers

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Comparison of 1480 nm and 980 nm-pumped Gallium-Erbium fiber amplifier

Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks

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