Rare earth compounds modified carbon black filled powdered natural rubber: Preparation, morphology and properties

Abstract

Ten types of rare earth (RE) compounds modified carbon black (HAF-RE) were prepared using chemical-deposit method, then HAF-RE were mixed with natural rubber latex to prepare HAF-RE filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF-RE)] by a carbon black/rubber latex coagulation method. It is found that most of the P(NR/HAF-RE) vulcanizates showed better mechanical properties, especially higher tensile modulus, and tensile strength, compared with none-rare earth modified carbon black filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF)]. Dysprosium (Dy) modified carbon black (HAF-Dy) filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF-Dy)] was chosen for intensive investigation because of its better comprehensive mechanical properties. It is found that the adding of Dy compounds could help to get smaller particles with narrower particle size distribution, and results from the SEM analysis show that carbon black has been dispersed in rubber matrix uniformly with diameter of 50-150 nm. The TEM analysis showed that Dy compounds could obviously reduce the aggregation of primary particles of carbon black, and promote the dispersion of carbon black in P(NR/HAF-Dy) particles.

Influence of molar ratio of Si–H to Si–CH=CH2on mechanical and optical properties of silicone rubber

“…T g can reflect the movement of molecular chains fairly well. 21 The less mobility of the chains, the higher the T g . 22 The cross-linking reaction will limit the mobility of the molecular chains and result in an increased T g .…”

Preparation and characterization of a series of novel EuIII‐complex‐polyurethane acrylate materials based on mixed 6‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoate and 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands

“…In other words, the addition of Eu III complex increased the T g of PUA matrix, and the higher of the Eu III complex contents, the higher of the T g of PUA complex. They may be explained that the introduction of Eu III complex into PUA matrix increased the movemental resistance of macromonomer segments and crosslinking structures formed by polymerization of PUA were enhanced in a certain extent or the crosslinking density increased by the addition of complex 25…”

The mastication characteristics of powdered carbon black filled natural rubber during internal mixing

“…The Preparation of P(NR/HAF). P(NR/HAF) was prepared using the method of rubber latex/carbon black coagulation [11,[23][24][25][26]. First, putting distilled water and emulsifier for carbon black into a container and stirring for 5 min to make the emulsifier solution.…”

“…According to the classical mastication theory of gum natural rubber, there are three key factors that would have effect on the Mooney viscosity of natural rubber: temper-ature, shear rate, and mastication time [1,2]. While for P(NR/HAF), it contains 50 phr fine dispersed carbon black [13,25], which would be another point to influence the mastication characters of P(NR/HAF).…”

“…Since P(NR/HAF) contains 50 phr fine dispersed carbon black, the friction between rubber chain and carbon black would be more vigorous at the early stage of mixing. Temperature build-up during the early stage of internal mixing would be much faster and higher [11][12][13]25] compared to the pure gum natural rubber, which of course results in much higher batch temperature in the initial stage of mastication and also higher temperature build-up, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively.…”