Rare earth elements and yttrium in shells of invasive mussel species from temperate rivers in Central Europe: Comparison between C. fluminea, D. bugensis, and D. polymorpha

Rare Earth Elements in Shells of Black Sea Molluscs: Anomalies and Biogeochemical Implications

“…For the oceanic molluscs, its mean value is 55.0 ± 9.3 [71,77,78,91]. For the freshwater molluscs [66], it is lower, 34.8 ± 5.9, due to the terrestrial origin that yields values closer to that of the Upper Continental Crust (25) or chondrites (28). In the present work, we singled out two groups of samples with the chondritic (23.2) and superchondritic, i.e., marine, Y/Ho ratios (67.6).…”

“…and Corbicula sp. [66,80], whose shells can contain up to several mg•kg −1 of REE. Bivalves from the Atlantic basin are the poorest in REE although the accumulation in the most long-lived Atlantic species critically depends on their age [77,78].…”

“…For example, the Sc, Y, La and Tb anomalies were observed in the sediments of Kazachya Bay [117], a water area in the vicinity of the sampling site. It is tempting to attribute the Eu anomaly to the reducing organic matrix of the extrapallial fluid that mediates the shell growth [66][67][68]71,78]. However, no such anomaly has been observed in the shells of any other molluscs unless they were in contact with the reducing environment of abyssal hydrothermal vents [71,91].…”

“…REE distribution was studied in marine biogenic carbonate skeletons of microbialites [53][54][55], corals [56][57][58][59][60][61] and foraminifera [62][63][64][65] in relation to their environment. There are a number of studies on the accumulation of REE in freshwater and marine molluscs in their natural habitat [4,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] and on REE effects on molluscs exposed to these metals in laboratory conditions [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. In some studies [68,78], it was found that the REE composition of shells of bivalves matched that of seawater, which implied the possibility of using shells as biomonitors of REE pollution in the marine environment.…”

“…Yb . Er⁄ plotted against the La Yb ⁄ ratio for shells of different molluscs from the World Ocean[66,68,71,[76][77][78][79]91]. Meth = methanotrophic and Thio = thiotrophic symbiont mussels.…”