Rare earth β-NaGdF4 fluorides with multiform morphologies: Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties

Rare earth based nanostructured materials: synthesis, functionalization, properties and bioimaging and biosensing applications

“…Among them, the most common is sodium citrate, which is able to form strong complexes with the REs [105], as previously commented. Several examples can be cited in which these complexes have been used in aqueous solutions such as the synthesis of NaGdF 4 nanorods (100 nm) at 180°C from solutions containing Gd(NO 3 ) 3 and NaF [48], and the synthesis of BaGdF 5 porous nanospheres of sizes ranging from 65 to 119 nm from solutions containing gadolinium and barium nitrate and NaBF 4 at 180°C in butyl amine, which was used to increase the pH [106]. Some RE phosphates have been also synthesized in this way as it is the case of YPO 4 Figure 1F) [46].…”

Controllable synthesis, shape evolution, and luminescence properties of uniform and well-dispersed NaEuF4 microcrystals through hydrothermal route

“…In previous reports, the phase, size and morphology of the asprepared samples were strongly affected by different reaction parameters in various synthesis process [37][38][39]. In this paper, we focus our attention on the influence of Na 3 Cit content, pH value of the initial solution and reaction time on the phase, size and morphology of final products.…”

Recent advances in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanomaterials: synthesis, nanostructures and surface modification

“…Wu et al reported Gd 3+ fluorides with different phases (GdF 3 , β-NaGdF 4 ) and diverse morphologies via a facile hydrothermal route. The morphologies of upconversion nanocrystals range from 10 submicrorods, dumbbell-like nanorods, submicrospheres, cobblestone-like particles to aggregates constructed from nanoparticles [66] . The mesoporous and hollow structure of the materials is usually essential for drug carrier in many cases.…”