Rare sugar d-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hossain, Akram; Yamaguchi, Fuminori; Matsuo, Tatsuhiro; Tsukamoto, Ikuko; Toyoda, Yusuke; Ogawa, Masahiro; Nagata, Yasuo; Tokuda, Masaaki

doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.004

Cited by 163 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…These results were consistent with the result obtained in humans subjected to an oral maltodextrin tolerance test [9]. In rodents, D-allulose has been known to inhibit digestive enzymes, including α-glucosidase and α-amylase [7]. The antihyperglycemic effect after oral administration of maltose in dogs can be partially explained by the inhibition of α-glucosidase in the intestine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of D-allulose on glucose metabolism after the administration of sugar or food in healthy dogs

Nishii

Nomizo

Takashima

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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D-allulose is a C-3 epimer of D-fructose and has recently been investigated for its hypoglycemic effects. In the present study, the effects of D-allulose on glucose metabolism were evaluated in healthy dogs administrated sugar or food. The oral administrations of D-allulose decreased plasma glucose concentrations after oral glucose or maltose administration, with a diminished plasma insulin rise. The glucose suppressive effect of D-allulose was also observed after intravenous glucose administrations without increase in plasma insulin concentration. In contrast, D-allulose showed no effect on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after feeding. The present results suggest that D-allulose administration may be beneficial in dogs with impaired glucose tolerance. Further studies investigating the therapeutic efficacy of D-allulose in diabetic dogs are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of D-allulose on glucose metabolism after the administration of sugar or food in healthy dogs

Nishii

Nomizo

Takashima

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Allulose‐1‐phosphate competes with fructose‐6‐phosphate from GKRP. This enables the liberated and activated glucokinase to translocate from the nucleus to the cytosol, where it can drive hepatic glucose uptake, promote glycogen synthesis, suppress hepatic glucose output and reduce plasma glucose levels 40. In support of this hypothesis, immunohistochemical analyses in allulose‐fed rats have shown induction of glucokinase translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and an increased amount of hepatic glycogen content after glucose loading 22, 44.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Glucose and allulose pass through different transporters (SGLT1 and GLUT2, respectively) as they move from the intestinal lumen to the apical membrane of the enterocyte. However, they utilize the same transporter (GLUT2) as they pass from the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte to the portal circulation 40. It has been suggested that allulose may competitively inhibit the transport of glucose at the basolateral GLUT2 transporter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial

Noronha

Braunstein

Glenn

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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AimTo assess and compare the effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial blood glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.MethodsA double‐blind, multiple‐crossover, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial in 24 participants with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Each participant was randomly assigned six treatments separated by >1‐week washouts. Treatments consisted of fructose or allulose at 0 g (control), 5 g or 10 g added to a 75‐g glucose solution. A standard 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test protocol was followed with blood samples at −30, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The primary outcome measure was plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC).ResultsAllulose significantly reduced plasma glucose iAUC by 8% at 10 g compared with 0 g (717.4 ± 38.3 vs. 777.5 ± 39.9 mmol × min/L, P = 0.015) with a linear dose response gradient between the reduction in plasma glucose iAUC and dose (P = 0.016). Allulose also significantly reduced several related secondary and exploratory outcome measures at 5 g (plasma glucose absolute mean and total AUC) and 10 g (plasma glucose absolute mean, absolute and incremental maximum concentration [Cmax], and total AUC) (P < .0125). There was no effect of fructose at any dose. Although allulose showed statistically significant reductions in plasma glucose iAUC compared with fructose at 5 g, 10 g and pooled doses, these reductions were within the pre‐specified equivalence margins of ±20%.ConclusionAllulose, but not fructose, led to modest reductions in the postprandial blood glucose response to oral glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is a need for long‐term randomized trials to confirm the sustainability of these improvements.

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“…Among rare sugar sweeteners, d-allulose (d-ribo-2-hexulose), which was previously referred to d-psicose, has recently received much attention as a potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity ingredient (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and has not shown adverse effects that are observed in conventional non-or low-calorie sweeteners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter method, d-glucose derived from cornstarch is isomerized to d-fructose by xylose isomerase, and then is further epimerized to d-allulose by d-allulose 3-epimerase, which has greater substrate specificity to d-allulose than d-tagatose 3-epimerase (14). The enzymatic method converts d-fructose to d-allulose at a high conversion rate (~25%), resulting in pure and costly d-allulose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats

Ochiai

Misaki

Yamada

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary d-Allulose-containing rare sugar sweeteners have been categorized into two types, rare sugar syrup (RSS), consisting of 4 rare monosaccharides, and modified glucose syrup (MGS), rich in d-allulose, which was previously referred to d-psicose. The anti-obesity effect of RSS and d-allulose has been already clarified, but that of rare monosaccharides other than d-allulose in RSS has not yet been well understood. Here, we investigated and compared the anti-obesity effect of RSS and MGS in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 dietary groups: a high-sucrose control diet group (S), a high-fructose corn syrup diet group (HFCS), an RSS diet group (RSS), and an MGS diet group (MGS). RSS significantly suppressed abdominal adipose tissue weight and total body fat accumulation in comparison to sucrose. On the other hand, MGS reduced body weight gain, but not abdominal fat accumulation, relative to sucrose. The weight of the liver and kidneys was significantly higher in the RSS and MGS groups than in the S and HFCS groups, but serum biochemical parameters and hepatic lipids contents were not significantly different among the groups. The present study shows that two types of d-allulose-containing rare sugar sweeteners can suppress body fat accumulation or weight gain in a different manner and that RSS could be used as more effective sweeteners in place of sucrose and HFCS to maintain healthy body weight.

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Rare sugar d-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 163 publications

References 101 publications

Effects of D-allulose on glucose metabolism after the administration of sugar or food in healthy dogs

Effects of D-allulose on glucose metabolism after the administration of sugar or food in healthy dogs

The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial

Comparison of Anti-Obesity Effect between Two Types of Syrup Containing Rare Sugars in Wistar Rats

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