Ratio Indexes Based on Spectral Electroencephalographic Brainwaves for Assessment of Mental Involvement: A Systematic Review

Marcantoni, Ilaria; Assogna, Raffaella; Del Borrello, Giulia; Di Stefano, Marina; Morano, Martina; Romagnoli, Sofia; Leoni, Chiara; Bruschi, Giulia; Sbrollini, Agnese; Morettini, Micaela; Burattini, Laura

doi:10.3390/s23135968

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 106 publications

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“…Although the frequency range thresholds for each band are not uniquely standardised, commonly recognised frequency bands are dispersed around the EEG frequency band (0.1-100 Hz). The delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands are approximately located below 4 Hz, 4-8 Hz, 8-12 Hz, 12-35 Hz, and above 35 Hz, respectively (Marcantoni et al, 2023). Recent EEG applications have focused on analysing attention, memory, and affective processes in response to marketing stimuli (Astolfi et al, 2008;Casado-Aranda and Sanchez-Fernandez, 2022;Wang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Sensory Marketing and Eegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ambient scent temperature on food choice: perspectives from the construal-level theory and sensory marketing

Nguyen,

Hsu

2024

BFJ

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PurposeAs humans are influenced by their environment, this study explores how different construal levels of ambient scent temperature affect consumers’ food choices.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a series of experimental methods from three studies, totalling five experiments. The experiments involved both laboratory and field settings, as well as neuroscientific techniques, thus generating empirical evidence.FindingsThree studies were conducted to investigate how construal levels of both ambient scent temperature and tasks influenced food choice. Study 1 found that the construal level of ambient scent temperature significantly affected the type of food consumed. Study 2 included the task’s construal level as another factor to examine whether it interacted with the ambient scent temperature construal level. Both factors were significant, but only when perceived by the participants simultaneously. If the task’s construal level was manipulated before exposure to the ambient scent temperature, the latter did not have a significant effect. Study 3 employed a neuroscientific method to explore the mechanism behind the match between ambient scent temperature and food choices based on construal levels. The congruence of ambient scent temperature and food choice based on construal level enhanced positive emotions.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size, although in line with other neuroscientific studies, was not sufficiently large for robust generalizability. This limitation can encourage future research to increase the number of participants and thus enhance the accountability of the findings. Another limitation is the participants’ cultural background.Practical implicationsThis study’s practical implications are twofold. First, odour intensity was perceived to be the strongest in hot samples (Kähkönen et al., 1995), and we confirmed how ambient scent temperature can influence one’s food choice. Thus, food business operators can use warm ambient scent temperatures to promote hedonic food or snacks. Second, participants’ positive emotions were enhanced by the congruence of ambient scent temperature and food choice.Social implicationsThe association between ambient scent temperature and food choice has been extensively researched. However, this study provides an empirical explanation for the application of CLT. Accordingly, we performed a series of laboratory and field experiments using behavioural and neuroscientific approaches. The results confirmed that the construal level of ambient scent temperature significantly affected food choice. Moreover, the FAA revealed that one’s positive emotions would be prompted if there was congruence in the construal levels of ambient scent temperature and food choice.Originality/valueThis study has theoretical and managerial value because people’s poor understanding of food selection is affected by ambient scent temperature. Moreover, its novelty lies in the application of a neuroscientific approach to one experiment.

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