Ratiometric optical oxygen sensing: a review in respect of material design

Abstract

The quantitative determination of oxygen concentration is essential for a variety of applications ranging from life sciences to environmental sciences. Optical oxygen sensing allows non-invasive measurements with biological objects, parallel monitoring of multiple samples, and imaging. In general, ratiometric optical oxygen sensing is more desirable, due to its advantages of selectivity, insensitivity to ambient or scattered light, and elimination of instrumental fluctuation. Moreover, it can provide the perceived colour change, which would be useful not only for the ratiometric method of detection but also for rapid visual sensing. Mainly focusing on material design for ratiometric measurement, this review describes the overall progress made in the past ten years on ratiometric optical ground-state triplet oxygen sensing and offers a critical comparison of various methods reported in the literature. It also provides a development blueprint for ratiometric optical oxygen sensing.

Tris(rhenium fac-tricarbonyl) Polypyridine Functionalized Cyclotriguaiacylene Ligands with Rich and Varied Emission

“…specific quenching of 3 MLCT by 3 O2. 35 The introduction of carboxylic acid groups onto the bipyridine donors arms are thought to cause shorter-lived lifetimes of the excited-state rhenium complexes in aqueous solution, 36 with slit widths of 10 nm for both excitation and emission monochromators. Time-resolved spectra were recorded on a PicoQuant FluoTime 300 exciting with an LDH-P-C-375 and decays analysed with the program FluoFit.…”

Visible‐Light Photoactive, Highly Efficient Triplet Sensitizers Based on Iodinated Aza‐BODIPYs: Synthesis, Photophysics and Redox Properties

“…[1] Unlike fluorophores, which are mainly utilized owing to their luminescence properties, triplet photosensitizers are mainly used as triplet energy donors to initiate either photochemical reactions or induce photophysical processes. [2] Triplet photosensitizers have been considered for av ariety of applicationss uch as phosphorescent materials, [1,3,4] phosphorescent bioimaging, [5,6] chemosensors, [7,8] photoinitiated polymerization, [9] photocatalysis [10] and triplet-triplet annihilationb ased upconversion (TTAU). [11,12] Moreover,t riplet photosensitizers have been used for oncological and antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) to eradicate cancerous cells or pathogens.…”

TDDFT study on recognition mechanism for the oxygen sensing of the cyclometalated platinum (II) complex

“…Unlike many other molecules, the ground state of oxygen molecule is a spin triplet [49]. This finding was verified by optimizing the oxygen molecule with the CAMB3LYP functional LanL2DZ basis sets in the singlet (S 0 ) and triplet (T 0 ) states, respectively.…”