Rational Positioning of Metal Ions to Stabilize Open Tin Sites in Beta Zeolite for Catalytic Conversion of Sugars

Abstract

Via hydrothermal synthesis of Sn‐Al gels, mild dealumination and ion exchange, a bimetallic Sn‐Ni‐Beta catalyst was prepared which can convert glucose to methyl lactate (MLA) and methyl vinyl glycolate (MVG) in methanol at yields of 71.2 % and 10.2 %, respectively. Results from solid‐state magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic analysis, probe‐temperature‐programmed desorption, and density functional theory calculations conclusively reveal that the openness of the Sn sites, such as by the formation of [(SiO)3−Sn−OH] entities, is governed by an adjacent metal cation such as Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+. This relies on the low structure‐defective pore channel, provided by the current synthesis scheme, and the specific silica hydroxyl anchor point is associated with the incorporation of Sn for additional and precise metal ion localization. The presence of metal cations significantly improved the catalytic performance of Sn‐Ni‐Beta for glucose isomerization and conversion to MLA of sugar compared with Sn‐Beta.

Acetalization strategy in biomass valorization: a review

“…The synthesis of fuels and fine chemicals from renewable biomass is acclaimed as a viable strategy to reduce reliance on nonrenewable petroleum resources and mitigate CO 2 emissions as well as achieve carbon neutrality. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Lignocellulose and vegetable oil, the main solid and liquid components of biomass, represent sustainable carbon sources to produce transport fuels and valuable chemicals. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The catalytic conversion of lignocellulose/ vegetable oil and their related derivatives has attracted great attention in biomass valorization.…”

Origin of Catalytic Selectivity from Sn(OTf)2 in Methanol Solution for the Conversion of Glucose to α-Hydroxyesters

“…Currently, there has been considerable scientific attention to the conversion of cellulose or glucose into AHEs under the acid catalysis, particularly Lewis acids catalysts, e.g., Pb–, Er–, Sm–, and Sn–. ,,, Among them, Sn-containing catalysts exhibit good catalytic performance. Interestingly, three kinds of Sn-containing homogeneous catalysts, Sn­(OTf) 2 , SnCl 2 , and SnSO 4 have been employed for the conversion of cellulose in methanol solution .…”

Understanding the cation exchange affinity in modified-MMT catalysts for the conversion of glucose to lactic acid

“…Consequently, solid catalysts have been extensively investigated as an alternative to homogenous catalysts. They include metal oxides, 13,14 metal-doped zeolites 15–17 and clay-based catalysts. 18–21…”

“…Consequently, solid catalysts have been extensively investigated as an alternative to homogenous catalysts. They include metal oxides, 13,14 metaldoped zeolites [15][16][17] and clay-based catalysts. [18][19][20][21] Montmorillonite (MMT) is a commercially available clay that has a layered structure catalytic and high cation exchange capacity.…”